规过劝善  共走得救之路

各位弟兄姐妹,

刚才我们听到的三篇读经的中心思想是在告诉我们:天主是爱人的天主,并要我们以爱规过劝善。读经一厄则克尔先知书的中心内容是:规过劝善是我们的责任;读经二罗马人书圣保禄宗徒告诉我们:爱是法律的满全;在今天的弥撒福音中,主耶稣告诉我们如何规过劝善。现在,我就以“规过劝善,共走得救之路”为道理题目,跟大家分享今天的弥撒读经。

一、规过劝善,关系人灵得救

读经一厄则克尔先知书记载,上主委任厄则克尔当以民的警卫,让先知警告并劝戒他们。如果厄则克尔先知执行了任务,当说的话都说了,恶人仍顽固不化,不知悔改,后来得到丧亡,罪过不归咎先知,要归咎恶人本人;但如果先知见恶人作恶而不警告,那恶人因己罪而丧亡外,先知也因为没有执行规过劝善的责任,而被上主追究罪责。

同样,我们若看见自己的弟兄或姊妹犯罪作恶——走丧亡之路,却视而不见,不竭力设法去警告他,劝导他离开邪道,那么,罪人固然终因固执于恶而遭致丧亡,我们也不能救得灵魂;反之,如果我们勇敢地、竭力地劝罪人悔改,他仍固执于恶,不听善劝而丧亡,我们却还能得救。因此,“不关我的事”这句话不符合圣经的教导,也是我们基督徒生活中不应该有的。

作父母的,不仅仅只是生养好自己的儿女,更要教育好儿女,对儿女要规过劝善,见儿女犯过,或有大毛病,应立刻劝告,而不能一味的溺爱、娇宠。另外,在他们小时候,就当带领他们恭敬天主,不然这笔血债天主不会放过的。

很多人都听过“死刑犯吃奶”的故事:有个小孩,因为是独生子,母亲溺爱有加,到了十来岁的时候还经常让他吃奶。小孩经常偷东盗西,母亲也不阻拦。小时候他偷了伙伴的玩具,交给母亲,母亲不但没有责备他,还称赞了一番。稍大的时候从他人家里偷来米面,回来交给母亲,母亲对他更加夸奖。小孩从此一发不可收拾。

小孩长大了,偷窃成了他的习惯。有一次,偷他人的钱物并将人杀死,被官府抓住判了死刑。行刑前问死刑犯最后的要求,他说自己是妈妈奶大的,他说唯一的要求就是临死前能够再吃到妈妈一口奶。母亲闻讯后赶来,捶胸痛哭。当母亲诧异地让儿子吃奶的时候,那死刑犯使劲将他妈妈的奶头咬了下来。母亲痛苦万分,痛骂儿子不孝,做错事还不知改过,甚至将母亲的奶头弄残。
那死刑犯回答说:“当初我长大了吵着要吃奶的时候,如果你骂我一顿,我就不会这么骄横了;我偷了东西交给你的时候,如果你打我一顿,我今天就不会落到这种地步了!”

为人父母、家长的,常常会在力所能及的条件下,为子女提供最好的物质基础、生活环境,让他们在长辈的呵护下成长。在父母、家人的溺爱下,年轻的子女往往会有所迷失,容易产生一种“天塌下来有父母为我顶着”的心理。也正是因为父母和家人的溺爱,让他们多多少少在思想意识上衍生“天不怕、地不怕”的胆量,以致于最终酿成大错。 古人云:子不教,父之过。

作为基督徒父母的,更有责任要给自己的子女教会信仰的教育、天主圣言的教育。

经上说:“凡受天主默感所写的圣经,为教训、为督责、为矫正、为教导人学正义,都是有益的,好使天主的人成全,适于行各种善工。”(弟茂德后书三章16-17节)。

美国的一位总统杰佛逊说:“我曾屡次说过,且要继续常说,精读圣经可以造就更好的公民,更好的父亲和丈夫。” 

二、规过劝善,当有耐心爱心

那么,如何规过劝善呢?在今天的弥撒福音中主耶稣给我们指出了以下三步骤:

第一步,私下独自劝告

主耶稣说:“如果你的弟兄得罪了你,去,要在你和他独处的时候,规劝他。”(玛18:15)在劝善规过时,主耶稣首先要我们私下独自劝告,是要我们本着爱德规劝,目的是为了他的好处,不是责备,不是控告;也不要伤害他的脸面,把事情传扬开去。  要“当面”指出错误,而不要“背后”诉说错误。凡不敢对弟兄当面说的话,就不要在他背后说。可很多时候,我们往往是当面不说,背后乱说,结果事情就如草原上的野火猛烈燃烧,冲突也加倍起来。

第二步,与证人同劝告

如果他不听你的私下劝告,又怎么办呢?主耶稣说:“你就另带上一个或两个人,为叫任何事情,凭两个或三个见证人的口供,得以成立。”(玛18:16)这句经文出自旧约圣经《申命记》19章15节,意思是:要用一、两个见证人,以免歪曲事实真相。但这仍是私下劝告,仍不把弟兄的罪过传扬开去。

此外,要找一、两个证人一同去劝告,也是因为任何一个人犯了罪,他不只是影响个人,也影响到他身边的人、他的家庭、他工作的单位、他信仰的教会。但带一、两个证人一同去劝的目的,仍然是规过劝善,寻求恢复和好关系。

第三步,交给教会劝告

假如他既不听私下独自劝告,又不听多人的劝告,又该怎么做呢?主耶稣说“你要告诉教会”。(玛18:17)让教会去处理。耶稣所说的教会,是指那被建在伯多禄磐石上的基督教会,而不是指犹太人的会堂,也不是指伊斯兰教、佛教等教派,更不是指任何世俗性的党派、团体等等。因此,若教会内人与人之间产生不同意见、矛盾,甚至伤害,首先要私下友好商谈解决,若不能解决,最后是交由教会当局解决,而不应寻求教会以外的力量来解决。      

三、规过劝善,当该同心祈祷

如果那被劝告的人连教会的劝告都不愿意听从,又该怎么办呢?主耶稣说:“如果他连教会也不听从,你就将他看作外教人或税吏。”(玛18:17)

 “外邦人”和“税吏”,在当时被一般犹太人称为罪人,是犹太人所看不起的人,犹太人跟他们也不往来(玛11:19)。耶稣要门徒们把那些不愿服从教会权威的人,比作外教人和税吏,是不是也要门徒们像当时的犹太人一样轻视他们,不与他们来往,甚至是祭出绝罚,把他们开除出教会呢?我想这不是耶稣的本意。因为耶稣说:“人子来是为寻找及拯救迷失了的羊。”(路19:10)在圣经中,我们可以看到耶稣多次主动与外邦人和税吏来往,如:他主动召叫税吏玛窦为门徒(路5:27),耶稣同税吏们一起吃饭(路5:29),他主动向税吏长匝凯提出到他家里住(路19:5),耶稣称赞税吏的祈祷(路18:14);耶稣接受外邦人罗马百夫长的要求,到他家里去医治他仆人的病(路7:6),耶稣称赞外邦人撒玛利亚妇人的仁慈(路10:30—37),耶稣称赞被医治的外邦人癞病患者的感恩(路17:18),耶稣称赞外邦人客纳罕妇人的信德(玛15:28),耶稣愿意把永生的活水赐给外邦人撒玛利亚妇人(若4:14),等等。

我认为,耶稣要门徒们把那些不愿听从教会劝告的人看作外教人或税吏,是要门徒团体,也就是教会要特别为他们同心合意的祈祷,把他们带到耶稣面前,祈求耶稣以天主的能力亲自感化他们,使他们能回头改过,“因为在天主前没有不能的事”(路1:37)。也正因如此,所以,主耶稣在讲完了如何规过劝善后,还要门徒们同心合意的祈祷。

圣奥斯定的悔改就是这样,他母亲苦苦劝他几十年,意大利米兰主教圣安博罗削也常常劝告他,可最后让他回头的是因他读了天主的话,是天主的话彻底改变了他。 

总结

各位弟兄姐妹,今天的弥撒读经告诉我们:规过劝善关系到人灵的得救,规过劝善当有耐心爱心,规过劝善当该同心祈祷。愿我们每个人都能善尽规过劝善之责,共走得救之路。愿天主降福我们!阿门!

Go and point out the fault

Good evening everyone, members of our parish, their invited guests and all the other visitors who decided on their own to visit our Church. We always have an open door policy and as such, you are always welcomed.

During today’s three reading from the Holy Scriptures, we heard that the Lord God gave us the responsibility to be our brothers’ keepers. Therefore, the term, “It’s none of my business.” is not biblical, nor is it acceptable in the practice of the Christian life.

During today’s Gospel reading, Jesus taught us how to proceed as responsible and accountable spiritual brothers and sisters who are genuinely concerned for the spiritual well-being of others. 

First of all, we are obligated to privately approach the sinner so we will not publicly humiliate him or her. If the sinner has sincerely repented, praise God and maintain that privacy afterwards. No one else needs to know of the sins of others to avoid a chain reaction of gossip that will damage the spiritual life of all those who are involved.

If the sinner remains indifferent to his salvation, we have an obligation to meet again, but this time with two or three witnesses. If the individual refuses to listen to all, we are commanded to tell it to the church. And if the offender still refuses to listen, even to the church, let such a person be to us as a Gentile and a tax collector. To the Jewish people, the Gentiles were non-members of the Body of Christ, the tax collectors being disliked. They were avoided.

Why did Jesus say to disassociate from them? It is because when we put a bad fruit among good fruits, the bad fruit corrupts the others. The good fruits begin to take the same shape as the bad fruit. If everyone is indifferent to the sin of one person, that sin becomes acceptable to the extent that soon or later, all are committing the same sin as a norm of Christian life and society.

An example of such corruption has been witnessed over the years in the progressive acceptance of abortions. Allow me to read you a passage from the book, “Surprised by truth”:

“I was shocked to learn that no Protestant denominations had permitted contraception until 1930, when at its Lambert Conference the Anglican Communion announced it no longer viewed it as sinful. Since then, every single Protestant denomination had followed suit. What ensued was the inevitable progression from allowing contraception to allowing abortion.” (Ref: “Surprised By Truth” by Patrick Madrid, Basilica Press, page 247)

The same attitude of indifference and acceptance of sinful ways can be said about other sins that have gradually become acceptable within society by most of the people. These are the sins of divorce, common-law relationships, the removal of prayer from the schools, the teaching of evolution in the schools, etc… All of these are perversions of the truth that lead away from God’s Holiness and holy ways.

While some may be hesitant to speak up against the sins of others, saying, “It is none of my business.”, or “They are protected under the Charter of Rights.”, this is not so according to God. As a Christian, we have an obligation to make it our responsibility and we have an obligation to contact our representatives of the Government to ask that the Charter of Rights and the laws be changed to reflect the ways of God. Until such time as it is done, God will condemn us alongside those who live in sin!

This week, let us take some time to reflect on our responsibility towards God. Let us reflect on how we will account to God for the actions of those around us, be it our parents, our brothers or sisters, our children, our relatives, our neighbours, our co-workers, our peers, all of those who’s life we touch. Let us do what we must do so that when we appear before God on Judgment Day, we will be able to repeat the words of Jesus, “Not one of them was lost except the one destined to be lost.” [Jn. 17:12]

郑家茂神父
讲道

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注