
各位弟兄姐妹:
在今天的弥撒福音中,主耶稣说的一句话:“凯撒的归凯撒,天主的归天主。”已成了流行的成语、智慧的真理名言。耶稣的这句话是什么意思呢?现在我就以耶稣的这句话作为讲道的主题,跟大家作个分享。
一、无上智慧的主
法利赛人和黑落德党人是互相敌对的两个党派,但他们为了陷害耶稣,就狼狈为奸,勾结在一起。法利赛人反对向罗马政府缴税,因为法利赛人认为犹太人唯一的君王就是上主。如果给罗马政府纳税,就是屈服在罗马政府的权柄之下,就是承认罗马政府的皇帝为自己的君王,这是对上主极大的羞辱,所以他们反对给罗马政府纳税。
黑落德党人则赞成给罗马政府纳税,因为他们忠于黑落德王,而黑落德王是罗马政府授权来治理巴勒斯坦的。如果收不到税,他们的官位就不保,所以一定要支持纳税。
由于耶稣指责法利赛人的虚伪和有祸,威胁了法利赛人的宗教领导权;又由于耶稣到处宣讲天国和行治病驱魔救人的神迹,他的超人气的群众魅力,则威胁了黑落德党人的政治利益。由于耶稣对双方都造成威胁,原本彼此为仇的两派人马,现在却连手对付耶稣,要把耶稣除掉。他们问耶稣说:“你以为如何?给凯撒纳税,可以不可以?” 这个问题表面上很简单,其实很诡诈。因为不论耶稣说可以或不可以,都会陷在他们的陷阱里。如果耶稣说可以,法利赛人马上会指责祂是卖国贼;如果祂说不可以,黑落德党人就会指责祂是叛国贼。所以耶稣在两难之间,不论如何回答,都无法逃脱这个陷阱。
主耶稣是全知的天主,具有无上的智慧,他看破他们的险恶用心,没有直接回答他们,而是向他们要了一个钱币,并问他们钱币上的肖像和名号是谁的。他们回答说:“凯撒的。”
耶稣对他们说:“那么,凯撒的,就应归凯撒;天主的,就应归天主。”这些法利赛人和黑落德党人听了耶稣的回答,怎么样呢?圣经上说:他们听了大为惊异,就离开他走了。
圣经中,处处都显示了主耶稣的无上智慧。如:耶稣十二岁时,跟着自己的父母到耶路撒冷圣殿过逾越节,他坐在经师们中间,聆听他们讲道,也询问他们道理。凡听见他的人,对他的智慧和对答,都惊奇不止。(路2:47)
各位弟兄姐妹,我们在生活中一定会遇到各种各样解不开的疙瘩,想不通的事理,不知道怎么应对的困惑,那就让我们多多地向主耶稣讨教,求他赐给我们智慧,有了主的智慧,一切都会迎刃而解,云开雾散。
二、凯撒的归凯撒
“凯撒的,归凯撒”。什么东西是属于凯撒的呢?古代的货币是王权的标记,每当一位君王即位,他就铸造自己的货币,以显示其王权的真实。凡是有君王肖像在上面的货币,便是君王的财产。“凯撒的,归凯撒”也就是要物归其主,不能私自占有或偷窃他人的合法权益。
几年前,有一位教友跟我说他被公司老板给辞退了。我问他是什么原因,他说由于他常在上班的时间读圣经,在网上跟人聊有关信仰的事。这位教友在上班的时间读圣经,跟别人交流信仰,对不对呢?表面上看信仰很虔诚,实则是很不虔诚。因为工作时间,是你为老板工作的时间,你做工作以外的事,那是公开地“偷窃”老板的时间。打着信仰的招牌,做着偷窃的事:你拿着老板给你的薪水,偷窃老板的时间。在工作时做私事,是个很不好的行为。而且还会给外教人一个不好的榜样,他们也会照着你的样子来干自己的私事,他们不会因为你是基督徒就觉得你做的是对的;老板也不会因为你是基督徒就网开一面,他会因为你是基督徒而说:“你们的天主就是让你们偷懒吗?你们的天主就是让你用我的时间干你们的事吗?……”弟兄姐妹,我们要好好地想想,我们那样做是荣耀天主吗?
“凯撒的归凯撒,天主的归天主。”这句话清楚地告诉我们:基督徒既有属天的生命,也有属地的生活,这生命与生活并不冲突。恰恰相反,如果我们有属天的生命,就能过好属地的生活。在不工作的时候,我们要思念天上的事,这样就是将天主的当归给天主;在工作的时候,我们要尽忠职守地做好我们的工作,就是将凯撒的归给凯撒。这样也是荣耀天主,让世人看到我们基督徒是一个顺服权柄的人。
三、天主的归天主
“天主的,归天主。”那什么东西又是属于天主的呢?天主所有的不是一个钱币,不是某些东西,而是普天下所有的人所有的物,包括认识天主的,或不认识天主的,不论是达味、撒落满、居鲁士、凯撒,哪怕是现在乃至今后所有的国家总统、总理、总书记、主席等最高领导人全部属于天主。因为世上的一切,不论有形可见的,还是无形不可见的,都是天主创造的,他们的主权全都属于天主,我们人只有使用权,没有所有权。所以,我们只有按照天主的旨意好好使用世物、善待人的权力,而没有任意处置、破坏世物和伤害人的权力。
我们人是天主按照祂的肖像创造的,也就是说,我们是生是死的权力不在我们自己手中,也不在别人的手中,任何人都没有权力处置别人的生命,我们人生命的主权只在天主手中。
可是,由于原祖父母的犯罪,作为天主肖像的人类堕落了,很多人失去了天主的肖像,远离了天主;很多人越来越相似魔鬼的肖像,走进魔鬼的权下。耶稣基督来到世上,就是要把我们人原有的天主的肖像恢复起来,让我们重新归于天主权下。
今天是我们教会的传教节,在今天上午八点半的弥撒中,有21位慕道者领受洗礼,借着洗礼,他们身上所有的原罪和本罪都被洗净了,因罪恶而被污染的天主的肖像得到了恢复,他们脱离魔鬼的掌控,归于天主,并成为天主的子女。
这21位慕道者的领洗,为我们杭州堂口这个大家庭来说确实是件大喜事,也是我们杭州天主堂在传教节领洗人数最多的一次。但我们也不能沾沾自喜,因为在我们周围还有更多的人,他们也是天主的肖像,可是他们还没有归于天主,我们要千方百计地想各种办法,带领他们归向天主。
为了借庆祝教会的传教节激励教友们积极福传,今年传教节,我们堂口举行了一系列的活动,一方面勉励教友们多多地为那些还没有归于天主的人祈祷;再是鼓励教友们凝心聚力,参与堂口的各个团体,共同助推堂区的福传,昨天堂口青年组举行了迎新活动,今天堂口各服务团体开展招募新成员活动,希望教友们根据天主所赐自己的特恩,至少参与一个团体。另外,为敦促教友们用自己的善言善行,吸引更多的人归于天主,堂口还举行了“捐赠衣物送温暖”活动,倡议教友们为有需要的人捐赠“爱心衣物”。“天主爱乐捐的人!”(格后9:7)“乐善好施的人,必蒙受祝福。”(詠111:5)
结语
各位兄弟姐妹,凯撒的归凯撒,天主的归天主。一切全归于天主!阿们!

Giving to God what rightfully belongs to Him
“Give to God the things that are God’s.” [Mt. 22:21] What a powerful statement! Good evening everyone! I pray to the Lord Jesus that by the grace of God the Father and the power of the Holy Spirit, the spiritual meaning of today’s readings shall enrich all of you.
According to the Gospel of Matthew, [Mt. 22:15-21] our attention is drawn towards the few who did not shine very much, if at all, in the eyes of God. Our attention is drawn to the Pharisees who were siding with the Herodians to trap Jesus with a question. Their intent was to have Jesus side with either the Pharisees or the Zealots. Consequently, this would cause some friction with one of the parties.
You see, the Herodians supported Herod’s succession of rulers. They were extremely loyal to Rome. The Zealots rejected the fact that they were subjected to a foreign power. They wanted the Romans out of their lives. The Pharisees believed as the Zealots but they did not believe in using force to obtain independence. Any answer to the question that was given to Jesus was bound to cause friction with either one of the parties. But Jesus perceived their malice.
Jesus was asked, “Is it lawful to pay taxes to the emperor or not?” Jesus asked for a coin and said, “Whose head is this, and whose title?” The New Testament translation of the Latin Vulgate says, “Whose image and inscription is this?” [Mt. 22:20] They answered, “The emperor’s.” So Jesus told them to give therefore to the emperor the things that belong to the emperor and to God the things that are God’s.
To fully understand this tricky question, it is necessary to know and understand what related to the minting of Roman coins. The right to mint a coin proved sovereignty. The Roman Government minted their own coins and jealously guarded this sovereignty, making it an act of rebellion to mint any coins other than under the Roman authority. As such, since the coins were minted by the Roman Empire, they belonged to its Government.
To condemn the paying of taxes would have meant to disagree with the occupancy of the Romans. To agree to pay taxes would have meant to support their occupancy of the land.
Now, one may wonder how this Bible passage relates to the other two readings. It does so through the word “image.” Give to God the things that are God’s.
As the Book of Genesis teaches us, man was created in the image of God. Having lost that original image through the disobedience of Adam, God placed in motion a progressive Divine Plan to once more transform us into His glorious image. That is why God gave us so many gifts and blessings. That is why Christ died for us. That is why we are being transformed into the image of Christ through faith, hope and charity.
Belonging to God, we are called to become in His image. We are called to actively maintain our gifts by living our faith in Christ. We are called to give to God what belongs to God so it will not be said, “In their case the god of this world has blinded them from seeing the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God.” [2 Cor. 4:4]
Today’s message my brothers and sisters is, let us appreciate what God has given us. By the power of the Holy Spirit, let us preserve our gifts and blessings with all our souls, our minds, our spirits, our hearts and our strength. In the Most Holy Name of Jesus, let us keep these gifts stainless so that one day, when we will appear before the Lord God, we will proudly give Him back what He gave us. Then, we will rightfully inherit the assurance of our salvation.
