建在磐石上的教会

各位弟兄姐妹,

在今天的弥撒福音中,耶稣对伯多禄说:“你是伯多禄(磐石),在这磐石上,我要建立我的教会,阴间的门决不能战胜她。”(玛十六:18)现在我就以“建在磐石上的教会”为主题,跟大家作福音的分享。

一、教会的创立者

耶稣说:“我要建立我的教会”,说明耶稣在世上建立了一个教会。我们天主教会就是由耶稣所创立的。那么,我们天主教会的创立者耶稣是谁呢?这个问题,可能很多人问过我们,我们是怎么回答的呢?在今天的弥撒福音中,耶稣他自己也问门徒们,祂是谁?

门徒们的回答是:有人说他是洗者若翰,很有正义感;有人说他是厄里亚,说话做事很有能力;有人说他是耶肋米亚,爱国爱民,同情群众疾苦;等等。这些都是耶稣时代的人对耶稣的评论。

接着,耶稣又问门徒说:“你们说我是谁?”伯多禄立刻回答说:“你是默西亚,永生天主之子。”

伯多禄对耶稣的看法与别的人对耶稣的看法完全不同。谁对谁错呢?当耶稣听到伯多禄对他的看法后,耶稣对伯多禄说:“约纳的儿子西满,你是有福的,因为不是肉和血启示了你,而是我在天之父。”也就是说,其他的人对耶稣的看法都是从人的角度去看他;而伯多禄对耶稣的看法,则是来自天父的启示,是耶稣最真实身份的体现。

“默西亚,永生天主之子。”,既是伯多禄对老师耶稣身份的宣认,也是所有天主子民应当相信的耶稣的身份。它可以分成两部分看:

“默西亚”,是耶稣的名号和使命;

“永生天主之子”,则是耶稣的身份、以及他与天主的关系。

默西亚是希伯来文的音译,希腊文音译成基督,意思都是受傅油者。在以色列民族中,有三种人要接受敷油,就是君王、司祭和先知。因此,“默西亚”这个词指出耶稣的三重身份和使命——君王、司祭和先知。

君王,是有权威和能力的人。耶稣是真正的君王,但不是属于这个世界的君王(若1836)。这个世界的君王靠刀剑来统治,而君王耶稣却是以爱来统治他的王国。在他的国内,人人彼此相爱,相互服务。

司祭,是代替民众向天主奉献祭祀的人。耶稣是真正的大司祭,同时也是被祭献的祭品——羔羊。耶稣借着奉献自己,为人类被钉死在十字架上,一次而永远地完成了救赎人类的工程(希727),使所有信靠他的人都得拯救,他成了全人类的救主。

先知,是天主的代言人,把天主的话通传给人。耶稣是天主圣言降生成为人,他把天父的旨意完完整整地告诉了我们人类,他本身就是天主的圣言,是世上最伟大的先知。耶稣曾对斐理伯宗徒说:“我对你们所说的话,不是凭我自己讲的;而是住在我内的父,作他自己的事业。”(若十四:10-11

耶稣不仅是“默西亚”,还是“永生天主之子。”这告诉我们:我们不能仅仅相信耶稣是一个真真实实的人,更要相信他是永生天主的儿子。当天使向玛利亚报告她要怀孕生耶稣的时候,由于玛利亚对天使的话感到疑惑,天使就对玛利亚说:“圣神要临于你,至高者的能力要庇荫你,因此,那要诞生的圣者,将称为天主的儿子。”(路一:34

因此,我们天主教会的创立者耶稣既是默西亚,也是永生天主之子。

二、教会的元首

天主教会既然是由耶稣创立的,耶稣理所当然是教会的元首。圣保禄宗徒说:“他在万有之先就有,万有都赖他而存在;他又是身体──教会的头:他是元始,是死者中的首生者,为使他在万有之上独占首位。”(哥1:17-18)在厄弗所书中,圣保禄宗徒又说:“(天主)又将万有置于他的脚下,使他在教会内作至上的元首,这教会就是基督的身体,就是在一切内充满一切者的圆满。”因此,耶稣基督就是教会的头,我们都是祂的肢体。手会动、脚会走,完全是受到脑的支配,否则就会出问题,变成不正常的人。所以要紧记:不是我们作头,不是我们可以随己意而行,耶稣才是元首。凡事都要顺从耶稣,寻求祂的旨意,听从祂的支配。不可喧宾夺主,不可凭己意行,否则成了不正常的人。

但是耶稣对伯多禄说:“我要将天国的钥匙交给你”。(18节)

“钥匙”,代表权力,把钥匙交给人,就是给人权力。比如:把房子的钥匙交给某人,就是让那个人管理这座房子;把王宫的钥匙交给某人,就是把王宫的管理权和监察权交给那个人。耶稣是天国的君王,教会是地上的天国,因此耶稣把天国的钥匙交给伯多禄,就是把天国的管理权,不论是天上的天国,还是地上的天国——教会的管理权都交给伯多禄。在圣伯多禄的圣像上,我们常看到伯多禄的手上拿着两把钥匙,一把是金色的,代表管理天上天国的钥匙;一把是银白色的,代表管理地上天国——教会的钥匙。

那么,伯多禄的管理权限有多大呢?耶稣对伯多禄说“凡你在地上所束缚的,在天上也要被束缚;凡你在地上所释放的,在天上也要被释放。”(19节)

“束缚”,代表对某事加以禁止;“释放”,代表对某事予以许可;“凡”字,代表在一切事情上。因此,“凡你在地上所束缚的,在天上也要被束缚;凡你在地上所释放的,在天上也要被释放。”这整句话的意思是:耶稣把教会的一切权柄,毫无保留地都给了伯多禄,让他代自己管理教会的一切事务。而伯多禄宗徒的继承人,则是教会的历任教宗。因此,耶稣是我们天主教会无形不可见的最高元首,而教宗则是我们天主教会有形可见的最高元首。

三、教会的生命

耶稣对伯多禄说:“你是伯多禄(磐石),在这磐石上,我要建立我的教会,阴间的门决不能战胜她。”(18节)

“阴间的门”,代表着撒旦的邪恶势力。也就是说,耶稣所建立的教会要受到撒旦的邪恶势力的攻击,但不论邪恶的势力多么强大,攻势多么的猛烈,都不能战胜教会,教会将永远屹立不摇。因为主耶稣的教会建立在稳固的磐石上。教会的历史就证明了这一点。

耶稣建立教会时,受到当时经师、法利赛人等的迫害。宗徒时代,发生了很多教难,迫害教会。教会不论传到哪里,开始的时候都受到不同程度的阻止和世上各种敌对势力的迫害。但教会不仅没有被扼杀,相反在不断地发展。

世俗政权没有永久的,我国历史上存在最长的朝代周朝八百载也灭亡了,欧洲东西罗马帝国,建国1500多年也灭亡了,然而耶稣所建立的教会至今已2000多年,由最初的13人,仅天主教会发展到现在已有近14亿人,而且还与世界人口同速不断发展。至于在力量方面,更是令人惊奇,只要他号令下去,全世界天主教教民都要听从,所以以前有一句谚语:“罗马一发言,案情即了断。”

结语

各位弟兄姐妹,现在让我们反省以下三个问题:

1.伯多禄认为耶稣是谁?你认为耶稣是谁?

2.耶稣把自己的教会建立在谁身上?

3.教会可见的元首是谁?他有多大的权力?

How mysterious are the ways of the Lord

How mysterious are the ways of the Lord! Brothers and sisters in Christ. From today’s readings, we perceive the depth of the riches, wisdom and knowledge of God. We come to the realization that the judgments of God that were unsearchable and mysterious at the time of their occurrence were made known in time as they unravelled themselves.

Not knowing the mind of the Lord, no one can tell today how His progressive Divine Plan is unravelling itself. But looking back in history, at the unravelled prophetic words that are found in the Old and New Testaments, we can now perceive the greatness and glory of the Lord God.

When we review today’s Gospel, once more, we see the mysteries of God at work. Many of the people did not know who Jesus was. Some thought that He was John the Baptist, Elijah, Jeremiah or even a prophet. To ensure the fulfillment of the prophecies that were found in the Scriptures, the Heavenly Father hid the identity of Jesus as the Messiah from the eyes of many of the people until such time as Jesus had gloriously resurrected.

Who would have believed in the days of Jesus that Peter, a simple fisherman, would become the leader of the greatest Church in the world, the Holy Catholic Church? Who would have believed that Jesus would pick Peter, knowing in advance that Peter would deny knowing Him on three different occasions?

In those days, this all seemed very mysterious. But looking back today, we see that God can achieve anything that He wants. We can see how He calls imperfect men as instruments of His Divine work. We can see how He calls the uneducated to display the glorious power of His Spirit. We can see the love and mercy of God at work. Now, we can testify that indeed, the Spirit of God was at work. Why? Because the mysteries have unravelled themselves like a blooming flower.

When Peter was given the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, what could possibly have gone through His mind? Did he expect the Kingdom of Heaven to descend on earth as many still do today? Did he see himself as ruling over the coming Kingdom? What about Jesus, where would He be? If Jesus gave the keys to Peter, surely, that must have meant that Jesus would not be around. At the time, the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven must have been intriguing to Peter.

It is only after the death and glorious Resurrection of Jesus that Peter understood his apostolic role in the Holy Catholic Church. After the Resurrection, Peter was able to perceive that he had been called to lead the Body of Christ alongside the other apostles. The keys were his authority as the first of hundreds of Popes who would follow in his apostolic succession.

My brothers and sisters, there is something to learn from today’s message. Sometimes in life, we do not understand why things happen the way they do. But surely, God who is everywhere, knows all, sees all and is in control of all situations. Every event, although mysterious at the time of its occurrence, serves a spiritual purpose for our individual spiritual growth and for the benefit of the Church as a whole.

This week, let us take the time to reflect on our past. Let us take the time to reflect on the mysterious ways of the Lord that have led us to where we are today. Let us take the time to perceive what our Heavenly Father has done for us so we may grow in the fruit of the Holy Spirit. And when our eyes are opened to the mysteries of the Lord, let us take a moment to thank Him for all that He has done for us, glorifying Him in His Most Holy Name.

郑家茂神父
讲道

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