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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0    \u6559\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u8282      \u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7b80  \u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1\uff09<\/strong>\u5f00\u6559\u65f6\u671f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6e05\u540c\u6cbb\u521d\u5e74\uff081861-1865\uff09\uff0c\u9ec4\u5ca9\u53bf\u4ee4\u5e03\u544a\u53d6\u7f14\u201c\u65e0\u4e3a\u6559\u201d\u7b49\u6559\u6d3e\u3002\u65e0\u4e3a\u6559\u6559\u5f92\u4e1d\u7ebf\u5546\u738b\u5148\u5fb7\uff08\u97f3\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u6805\u6865\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u738b\u5174\u6751\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u5e99\u5b87\u4f5c\u79d8\u5bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u843d\u811a\u70b9\uff1b\u88ab\u8bc6\u7834\u544a\u53d1\u540e\uff0c1865\u5e74\u5176\u540c\u4f19\u5728\u6d77\u95e8\u4e1c\u5c71\u6c47\u5408\uff0c\u4e3e\u884c\u201c\u5927\u70db\u793c\u201d\u3002\u5934\u76ee\u5f20\u57fa\u624d\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u540e\u4ee5\u7f5a\u56db\u767e\u5927\u6d0b\u83b7\u91ca\u51fa\u72f1\u3002\u5176\u65f6\uff0c\u5f20\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u53cb\u6b63\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u5b66\u4e60\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5f97\u6089\u5f20\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u529d\u4ed6\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5b66\u9053\u7406\u3002\u5f20\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\uff0c\u62dc\u5085\u9053\u5b89\u795e\u7236\u4e3a\u5e08\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66\u4e60\u6559\u7406\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4fe9\u63a5\u89e6\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u65e5\u591c\u76f8\u5904\uff0c\u5085\u9042\u719f\u6089\u53f0\u5dde\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u5728\u53f0\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u65b9\u8a00\u96be\u61c2\u4e4b\u5fe7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u540c\u6cbb\u56db\u5e74(1865)\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u738b\u5148\u5fb7\u53bb\u9547\u6d77\u7ecf\u5546\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u529e\u7684\u80b2\u5a74\u5802\uff1a\u4fdd\u80b2\u5458\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u6089\u5fc3\u7167\u7ba1\uff0c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u62a4\u7406\uff0c\u5b9a\u65f6\u5582\u5976\u3001\u66f4\u8863\u3001\u4f53\u8d34\u5165\u5fae\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u4eb2\u751f\u5973\u513f\u4e00\u822c\uff1b\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6df1\u53d7\u611f\u52a8\u3002\u738b\u968f\u540e\u8bf7\u80b2\u5a74\u5802\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u738b\u5f97\u5230\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u5373\u53bb\u5b81\u6ce2\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5b66\u4e60\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u771f\u4e3b\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u751f\u771f\u5149\u5927\u9053\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u4e61\u4e0d\u65f6\u5411\u4e61\u4eb2\u3001\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5ba3\u8bb2\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff1b\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5f53\u65f6\u4f4f\u5b81\u6ce2\u7684\u6d59\u6c5f\u4ee3\u7267\u7530\u5609\u74a7\u4e3b\u6559\u6d3e\u795e\u7236\u6765\u6805\u6865\u4f20\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6b21\u5e74(1866)\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u4e00\u4f4d\u5468\uff08\u97f3\uff09\u59d3\u533b\u751f\uff08\u4e00\u8bf4\u59da\u65b9\u5ead\u533b\u751f\uff09\uff0c\u5750\u5e97\u6805\u6865\u884c\u533b\uff0c\u53c8\u5e38\u53bb\u5927\u5c99\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u846d\u82b7\u4e00\u5e26\u6155\u9053\u8005\u65e5\u589e\uff1b\u6155\u9053\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u5468\uff08\u59da\uff09\u533b\u5e08\u51fa\u9762\uff0c\u8bf7\u5b81\u6ce2\u6d3e\u795e\u7236\u6765\u53f0\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u5468\uff08\u59da\uff09\u4ece\u6805\u6865\u8fd4\u752c\uff0c\u5411\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u4f1a\u6c47\u62a5\u6805\u6865\u5f00\u5c55\u4f20\u6559\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u9886\u5bfc\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u6b21\u5e746\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u6d3e\u5f20\u8001\u4e5d\u5148\u751f\uff08\u821f\u5c71\u4eba\uff0c\u539f\u5728\u4e0a\u865e\u4f20\u9053\uff09\u5230\u6d77\u95e8\u4f20\u9053\u3002\u5f20\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u513f\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u95e8\u79df\u623f\u5f00\u8bca\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u8fb9\u6cbb\u75c5\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u4f20\u9053\uff0c\u70ed\u60c5\u5f85\u4eba\uff0c\u6df1\u5f97\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u6155\u9053\u8005\u65e5\u589e\u3002\u5f20\u4e0a\u4e66\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6d3e\u795e\u7236\u4e3a\u6155\u9053\u8005\u53d7\u6d17\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u516d\u5e74\uff081867\uff098\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5f20\u57fa\u624d\u5982\u613f\u4ee5\u507f\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u9886\u6d17\u8fdb\u6559; \u6210\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u540c\u5e748\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u5085\u9053\u5b89\u795e\u7236\u6765\u6d77\u95e8\u4f20\u9053\uff1b9\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u6805\u6865\u4e3e\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5f25\u6492\u300221\u5929\u540e\u56de\u5b81\u6ce2\u53c2\u52a0\u795e\u7236\u907f\u9759\uff0c9\u6708\u5e95\u8fd4\u56de\u53f0\u5dde\u3002\u5728\u6d77\u95e8\u3001\u6805\u6865\u3001\u5927\u5c99\u3001\u695a\u95e8\uff08\u4eca\u7389\u73af\uff09\u7b49\u5730\u5f00\u6559\u3002\u662f\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6805\u6865\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u53f0\u5dde\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u6559\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u5f53\u65f6\u6d77\u95e8\u201c\u65e0\u4e3a\u6559\u201d\u5f92\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u670930\u4f59\u5bb6\uff0c\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u5177\u5907\u9886\u6d17\u6761\u4ef6\u768425\u4eba\u3002\u4e34\u6d77\u3001\u9ec4\u5ca9\u3001\u6e29\u5cad\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u53d7\u6d17\u8fdb\u6559\u800524\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u4e03\u5e74\uff081868\uff09\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u9ec4\u5ca9\u95f8\u95e8\u5934\u3001\u5927\u5c99\u7b49\u5904\uff0c\u6155\u9053\u671b\u6559\u8005\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u590d\u6d3b\u77bb\u793c\uff0c\u5728\u6805\u6865\u53d7\u6d17\u8fdb\u6559\u800530\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u540e\u56e0\u6559\u5f92\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u6559\u52a1\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5085\u795e\u7236\u4e00\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u4ed8\uff0c\u4ece\u5b81\u6ce2\u6d3e\u6765\u8eab\u5f3a\u529b\u58ee\u7684\u9a6c\u672c\u7b03\u795e\u7236\uff08\u6c5f\u9634\u4eba\uff0c1832-1894\uff09\u534f\u52a9\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u9a6c\u56e0\u4e8b\u8c03\u752c\uff0c\u6539\u6d3e\u6c88\u82e5\u745f\u795e\u7236\uff08\u6d77\u5b81\u4eba\uff0c1835-1868\uff09\u6765\u53f0\u534f\u52a9\u3002\u5176\u65f6\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u53cb99\u4eba\u3002\u5085\u5728\u6d77\u95e8\u3001\u5927\u5c99\u7b49\u5730\u8d2d\u4e70\u65e7\u623f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e34\u65f6\u6559\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u51e4\u51f0\u5c71\u6c38\u8d1e\u5e99\u4e3b\u6301\u548c\u5c1a\u4e91\u6797\uff0c\u5f1f\u5b50\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u5e99\u4ea7\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u56e03\u6b21\u906d\u5f3a\u76d7\u62a2\u52ab\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f5b\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u52a8\u6447\u3002\u4e91\u679712\u5c81\u51fa\u5bb6\uff0c\u81ea\u5e7c\u597d\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u4e0d\u5c11\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u4e3a\u6559\u201d\u5f92\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5f1f\u5b50\u6539\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u9080\u4e91\u6797\u53bb\u6805\u6865\uff0c\u4e0e\u5085\u795e\u7236\u7ed3\u4ea4\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u8fed\u7ecf\u63a8\u5fc3\u7f6e\u8179\u7684\u53d9\u8c08\uff0c\u4e91\u6797\u5927\u5f00\u5fc3\u7a8d\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u94bb\u7814\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4e8e\u540c\u6cbb\u4e03\u5e74\uff081868\uff09\u5723\u6bcd\u5347\u5929\u77bb\u793c\uff0c\u5728\u6805\u6865\u53d7\u6d17\u4e8e\u5085\u795e\u7236\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u6d17\u540d\u4fdd\u7984\u3002\u4e91\u6797\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u3002\u4e91\u6797\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u95e8\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u53d7\u6d17\u8fdb\u6559\u800520\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u4e91\u6797\u95e8\u751f\u904d\u53ca\u96c1\u8361\u5c71\u533a\u7684\u6e29\u5cad\u3001\u9ec4\u5ca9\u3001\u4e50\u6e05\u3001\u7389\u73af\u7b49\u5730\uff1b\u5728\u5404\u5730\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u4e91\u6797\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e0b\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8981\u6c42\u9886\u6d17\uff0c\u6380\u8d77\u8fdb\u6559\u70ed\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u9ec4\u5ca9\u7684\u5927\u5c99\u548c\u7389\u73af\u7684\u9752\u5858\u80cc\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u6d17\u8fdb\u6559\u800532\u4eba\u3002\u662f\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5085\u795e\u7236\u4e3a\u7389\u73af10\u4f4d\u6155\u9053\u8005\u6388\u6d17\u3002\u7389\u73af\u7531\u4e8e\u6559\u53cb\u65e5\u589e\uff0c\u65e0\u5904\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u70ed\u5fc3\u6559\u53cb\u80e1\u5ef7\u7984\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u8ba9\u5c4b\u4f5c\u7ecf\u5802\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6559\u52a1\u65e5\u76ca\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u80e1\u5ef7\u7984\u3001\u80e1\u5ef7\u798f\u5144\u5f1f\u4fe9\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u7948\u7977\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u53c8\u4e3b\u52a8\u6350\u6b3e\u732e\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5055\u540c\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u4e8e12\u6708\u521d\u52a8\u5de5\u5174\u5efa\u6559\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u540c\u6cbb\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081870\uff09\uff0c\u4e50\u6e05\u6709\u6559\u53cb15\u4eba\u3002\u540c\u5e743\u6708\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u8bf4\u79f0\u201c\u540c\u6cbb\u4e03\u5e74<1871>3\u6708\u521d\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5f90\u5fd7\u4fee\uff081830-1890\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\uff09\u795e\u7236\u6765\u53f0\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\uff1b\u5f90\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e0e\u9a6c\u672c\u7b03\u4f4f\u5728\u6805\u6865\uff0c\u5085\u4f4f\u5728\u5927\u5c99\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5341\u5e74\uff081871\uff09\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u53bf\uff08\u73b0\u6e29\u5cad\u5e02\uff09\u6709\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u53cb\u3002\u4e09\u738b\u6765\u671d\u77bb\u793c\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u53bb\u6d77\u95e8\u53c2\u52a0\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6559\u53cb\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5802\u5c0f\u4eba\u591a\uff0c\u62e5\u6324\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u5f90\u5373\u89e3\u56ca\uff0c\u51fa\u8d442000\u6cd5\u90ce\uff0c\u5728\u674e\u5c99\u4e70\u4e0b1\u5e62\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u6539\u4f5c\u5723\u5802\uff0c\u53d6\u540d\u201c\u82e5\u745f\u5802\u201d\uff1b\u5723\u8bde\u77bb\u793c\u4e3e\u884c\u5f00\u5802\u5178\u793c\u3002\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081872\uff098\u6708\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6709\u5723\u58025\u6240\uff08\u6d77\u95e8\u3001\u6805\u6865\u3001\u5927\u5c99\u3001\u674e\u5c99\u3001\u9752\u5858\u80cc\uff09\uff0c\u6559\u53cb422\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081873\uff09\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u672c\u5802\u517c\u7ba1\u6e29\u5dde\u3001\u5904\u5dde\uff08\u4eca\u4e3d\u6c34\uff09\u4e24\u5e9c\u7684\u6559\u52a1\u3002\u662f\u5e74\u4e03\u516b\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u5904\u5dde\u3001\u9752\u7530\u3001\u6e29\u5dde\u7684\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u9646\u7eed\u6765\u6805\u6865\u5b66\u4e60\u6559\u7406\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u5b97\u6559\u793c\u4eea\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u795e\u7236\u4e5f\u5e38\u524d\u5f80\u5404\u5730\u63a2\u671b\u6559\u53cb\u4e3e\u884c\u5723\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081875\uff09\uff0c\u5085\u795e\u7236\u8c03\u79bb\u53f0\u5dde\uff0c\u4efb\u6d77\u5b81\u8f66\u8f90\u6d5c\u672c\u5802\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081885\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u8c03\u56de\u53f0\u5dde\uff0c\u5f53\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5\u5728\u6805\u6865\u75c5\u901d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09<\/strong>\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u671f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u5e74\u95f4\uff081875-1908\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u671f\uff1b\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081876\uff09\uff0c\u53f0\u3001\u6e29\u3001\u5904\u4e09\u5730\u8bbe\u6709\u6559\u580210\u6240\u3001\u5b66\u68215\u6240\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6240\u529e\u5728\u6805\u6865\uff09\uff0c\u6559\u53cb972\u4eba\uff0c\u6155\u9053\u8005400\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u5404\u5730\u8036\u7a23\u6559\u5f92\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6539\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u67d0\u4e9b\u8036\u7a23\u6559\u5f92\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7ed3\u4e0b\u4e0d\u89e3\u4e4b\u51a4\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u6848\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u516d\u5e74\uff081880\uff0912\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u8bbe\u7acb\u672c\u5802\u533a\u517c\u7ba1\u5904\u5dde\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u3001\u6e29\u5dde\u4e24\u5730\u5404\u81ea\u5206\u7ba1\u6559\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e5d\u5e74\uff081883\uff09\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6709\u6559\u53cb922\u4eba\uff0c\u5b66\u68215\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6cd5\u7c4d\u7530\u6cd5\u670d\u795e\u7236\uff081859-1949\uff09\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081891\uff091\u6708\u8d77\u4efb\u53f0\u5dde\u672c\u5802\u3002\u55e3\u540e\uff0c\u610f\u7c4d\u8463\u589e\u5fb7\uff081850-1922\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u7c4d\u90ce\u5b88\u4fe1\uff081859-1910\uff09\u3001\u56fd\u7c4d\u962e\u632f\u94ce\u795e\u7236\uff081865-1910\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u7ee7\u5230\u53f0\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081892\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u85c9\u795e\u7236\u674e\u601d\u806a\uff081864-1930\uff09\u6765\u53f0\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u5148\u4e8e\u6d77\u95e8\u6805\u6865\u4f20\u6559\u30028\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u6805\u6865\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u6240\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u76f8\u7ee7\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u5e62\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\u53ca\u4e00\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081893\uff092\u6708\uff0c\u674e\u795e\u7236\u5728\u4e34\u6d77\u57ce\u5173\u8bbe\u5c0f\u5802\u4e00\u5ea7\uff0c\u4f4f\u6709\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff0c\u6709\u767e\u4f59\u540d\u8036\u7a23\u6559\u5f92\u6539\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u30023\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u9ec4\u5ca9\u57ce\u5185\u5f00\u8bbe\u5c0f\u5802\u4e00\u5ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6155\u9053\u8005\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5e74\u5e95\u53c8\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u5efa\u9020\u6559\u5802\u548c\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8def\u6865\u4e5f\u6709\u4e09\u767e\u540d\u6155\u9053\u8005\uff1b\u4e0e\u8def\u6865\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u957f\u6d66\u8305\u6797\u6751\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u6751\u4eba\u90fd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff08\u591a\u662f\u4ece\u8036\u7a23\u6559\u6539\u4fe1\u7684\uff09\u3002\u6751\u91cc\u4eba\u628a\u6751\u4e0a\u7684\u5e99\u6539\u4e3a\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u95e8\u524d\u7acb\u6709\u77f3\u7891\uff0c\u8bb0\u8ff0\u6751\u6c11\u81ea\u613f\u732e\u5e99\u6539\u5802\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u79bb\u8305\u6797\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u4e0b\u6cfd\u6751\u4e5f\u6709\u732e\u5e99\u6539\u5802\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u6e29\u5cad\u7684\u65b0\u6cb3\u3001\u4e1c\u95e8\u3001\u4e4c\u6c99\u95e8\u3001\u5927\u6eaa\u548c\u7389\u73af\u7684\u6e05\u6e2f\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6155\u9053\u8005\u3002\u5341\u8def\u95f4\u670940\u4f59\u540d\u8036\u7a23\u6559\u5f92\u6539\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u4e8e5\u6708\u5efa\u5c0f\u5802\u4e00\u6240\u3002\u6e29\u5cad\u670950\u4eba\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u53d7\u6d17\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u65b0\u53d7\u6d17\u8005\u517192\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u674e\u601d\u806a\u795e\u7236\u611f\u5230\u6805\u6865\u5730\u5904\u4e61\u6751\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fbf\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u53e6\u9009\u4e00\u5904\u6761\u4ef6\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u674e\u795e\u7236\u5148\u540e\u5230\u6c5f\u53a6\uff08\u6e29\u897f\u5883\u5185\uff09\u3001\u7126\u5c71\uff08\u677e\u95e8\uff09\u3001\u6d77\u95e8\u7b49\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u786e\u5b9a\u6d77\u95e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff081894\uff09\uff0c\u674e\u601d\u806a\u5728\u6d77\u95e8\u62e9\u5730\u5efa\u9020\u5927\u5802\u53ca\u7537\u5802\u5973\u5802\u7b49\u9644\u5c5e\u7528\u623f\uff1b\u8be5\u5802\u53d6\u540d\u4e3a\u8036\u7a23\u5723\u5fc3\u5802\u3002\u4ed6\u53c8\u5ec9\u4ef7\u8d2d\u4e70\u6cbf\u6c5f\u5927\u7247\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u6d77\u6d82\uff0c\u5efa\u623f\u51fa\u79df\uff0c\u5907\u4f5c\u529e\u6559\u8d44\u91d1\uff1b\u867d\u906d\u5f53\u5730\u58eb\u7ec5\u671b\u65cf\u7684\u963b\u6320\uff0c\u7ec8\u5728\u6e05\u5ef7\u9a7b\u6d77\u95e8\u7edf\u9886\u7684\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba1\u5212\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u674e\u601d\u806a\u968f\u4e0e\u5b81\u6ce2\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u62db\u6765\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u8258\u8f6e\u8239\u201c\u53ef\u8d35\u201d\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u6709\u201c\u6c38\u5229\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6c38\u5b81\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6e56\u5e7f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8fbe\u5174\u201d\u7b49\u8f6e\u76f8\u7ee7\u6295\u822a\uff0c\u6253\u901a\u4e86\u6d77\u95e8\u4e0e\u5b81\u6ce2\u3001\u6e29\u5dde\u7684\u822a\u8fd0\uff1b\u540e\u53c8\u6709\u201c\u8302\u5229\u201d\u3001\u201c\u821f\u5c71\u201d\u8f6e\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6d77\u901a\u822a\u3002\u6d77\u95e8\u6e2f\u7684\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d77\u95e8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u4e3a\u6b64\u6388\u4e88\u674e\u601d\u806a\u795e\u7236\u4e8c\u7b49\u5609\u79be\u52cb\u7ae0\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u6d77\u95e8\u8857\u5e02\u65e5\u8d8b\u70ed\u95f9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u662f\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\uff0c\u674e\u601d\u806a\u8fd8\u5728\u4e34\u6d77\u57ce\u5185\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u623f\u5b50\u548c\u56ed\u5730\uff08\u5373\u4e2d\u5c71\u8def\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\uff09\u5efa\u9020\u6559\u5802\u548c\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002\u8fd9\u5e74\uff0c\u5929\u53f0\u3001\u4ed9\u5c45\u4e24\u53bf\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u4e86\u6155\u9053\u8005\u3002\u8305\u6797\u548c\u7389\u73af\u6e05\u6e2f\u5f00\u8bbe\u5c0f\u5802\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u6559\u6240\u3002\u8305\u6797\u90bb\u6751\u5766\u5934\u738b\u6559\u53cb\u6e10\u589e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5766\u5934\u738b\u6709\u6559\u53cb\u8fd1100\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081896\uff09\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u4e34\u6d77\u7684\u7ae0\u5b89\u3001\u4e0a\u8f87\uff08\u53cc\u66a8\u5e02\uff09\u3001\u8521\u6865\u3001\u675c\u6865\u3001\u6768\u53f8\u3001\u6d8c\u6cc9\u548c\u6e29\u5cad\u7684\u677e\u95e8\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u65b0\u5165\u6559\u589e\u591a\uff1b\u5728\u6cfd\u56fd\u5efa\u9020\u5c0f\u5802\u4e00\u5ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081897\uff09\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u62ef\u7075\u4f1a\u6d3e6\u4f4d\u4fee\u5973\u6765\u53f0\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u95e8\u5efa\u7acb\u62ef\u7075\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5206\u4f1a\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u5c3d\u5fc3\u7aed\u529b\u3002\u4e3b\u6301\u5723\u5fc3\u8bca\u6240\u7684\u4e9a\u73bb\u5229\u59c6\u59c6\uff0c\u6bd5\u751f\u4e0d\u8f9e\u8f9b\u52b3\uff0c\u70ed\u5ff1\u4e3a\u75c5\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4ece\u5979\u624b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5eb7\u590d\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5176\u6570\uff0c\u611f\u6fc0\u826f\u6bb7\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u72b9\u8d5e\u4e0d\u7edd\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081898\uff09\uff0c\u674e\u601d\u806a\u6d3e\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff08\u8def\u6865\u4eba\uff09\u5230\u4ed9\u5c45\u57ce\u5185\u8bbe\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u9053\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u7531\u738b\u6b63\u56fd\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed9\u5c45\u6709\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5341\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081902\uff09\uff0c\u6a0a\u56fd\u67f1\uff08\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\uff09\u795e\u7236\u6765\u53f0\u5dde\u4e3b\u6301\u4e34\u6d77\u3001\u5929\u53f0\u3001\u4ed9\u5c45\u4e09\u53bf\u6559\u52a1\uff1b\u59da\u5f25\u9ad8\u795e\u7236\uff08\u5b81\u6ce2\u4eba\uff09\u534f\u52a9\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6a0a\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4e34\u6d77\u57ce\u5173\u4e2d\u5c71\u8def\u8d75\u5df7\u4e00\u5e26\u5efa\u9020\u795e\u7236\u697c\u4e09\u95f4\u3001\u6559\u5802\u4e03\u95f4\u548c\u4ec1\u6148\u5802\u623f\u5c4b\u591a\u95f4\u3002\u6a0a\u795e\u7236\u53c8\u59d4\u6258\u59da\u5f25\u9ad8\u795e\u7236\u5728\u5929\u53f0\u5999\u5c71\u5934\u5efa\u9020\u5927\u5802\u4e00\u5ea7\u3001\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\u4e94\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u4ed9\u5c45\u57ce\u5185\u4e5f\u8d2d\u4e86\u5341\u4ea9\u591a\u5730\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u6559\u5802\u4e03\u95f4\u548c\u4f4f\u623f\u7b49\u5171\u8ba140\u4f59\u95f4\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081906\uff09\uff0c\u5929\u53f0\u5e26\u6a2a\u6751\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u6240\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u7389\u73af\u6e05\u6e2f\u7684\u5916\u5858\u3001\u77f3\u6865\u7b49\u5730\u670930\u591a\u4eba\u5165\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\uff09<\/strong>\u6210\u7acb\u56fd\u7c4d\u4ee3\u7267\u533a <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5ba3\u7edf\u4e09\u5e74\uff081911\uff09\u81f31949\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u671f\u3002\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u56fd\u7c4d\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u9010\u5e74\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u56fd\u7c4d\u53f0\u5dde\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u5e74\uff081912-1917\uff09\uff0c\u5929\u53f0\u4ead\u5934\u6751\u3001\u5927\u897f\u4e61\u71e5\u6795\u5e84\u3001\u7ae0\u5bb6\u5c99\u3001\u4e0b\u5468\u6751\u3001\u8d64\u5c71\u3001\u5927\u8def\u4e0b\u7b49\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u56db\u5e74\uff081915\uff09\uff0c\u59da\u5f25\u9ad8\u795e\u7236\u5230\u4ed9\u5c45\u5de1\u89c6\u6559\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u897f\u4e61\u4e0b\u529b\u3001\u62b1\u5f04\u4e8c\u5904\u8bbe\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u5185\u9a6c\u5b85\u5df7\u5efa\u9020\u6559\u5802\u4e00\u5ea7\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u5728\u6a2a\u6eaa\u3001\u76a4\u6ee9\u8bbe\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e03\u5e74\uff081918\uff09\uff0c\u677e\u95e8\u5f90\u52a0\u8363\u548c\u5f90\u52a0\u5bcc\uff08\u677e\u95e8\u5de8\u5546\uff09\u5144\u5f1f\u4fe9\u6350\u6b3e\u7ed9\u6559\u4f1a\u8d2d\u4e70\u5efa\u5802\u7528\u5730\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u7ecf\u5802\u4e94\u95f4\u548c\u897f\u5f0f\u697c\u623f\u4f4f\u5b85\u4e94\u95f4\u3002\u9648\u6587\u6f6e\u4e3a\u8be5\u5802\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u516b\u5e74\uff081919\uff09\uff0c\u674e\u601d\u806a\u795e\u7236\u8c03\u4efb\u5b81\u6ce2\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c1930\u5e74\u901d\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002\u7ee7\u674e\u601d\u806a\u4e3b\u6301\u6d77\u95e8\u6559\u52a1\u7684\u662f\u9676\u7c7b\u601d\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff09\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u526f\u672c\u5802\u4e3a\u8881\u795e\u7236\uff08\u5b81\u6ce2\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u9676\u8fd4\u6cd5\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u8377\u5170\u7c4d\u6587\u5b66\u7ff0\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u8bf4\u79f0\u6587\u5b66\u6797\u6216\u6797\u6587\u5b66\uff09\u795e\u7236\u7ee7\u4efb\u672c\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff09\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\u56fd\u7c4d\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u3002\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\uff081881-1962\uff0c\u821f\u5c71\u5b9a\u6d77\u4eba\uff09\u539f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0a\u6d77\u516c\u4f1a\u8bae\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u4fdd\u7984\u5927\u4fee\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e8e6\u670830\u65e5\u88ab\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u59d4\u4efb\uff0c\u5347\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u9996\u4efb\u5b97\u5ea7\u4ee3\u7267\u3002\u540e\u8d74\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u4e8e10\u670828\u65e5\u5728\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u4f2f\u591a\u7984\u5927\u6bbf\u7531\u6559\u5b97\u6bd4\u7ea6\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\uff0c\u795d\u5723\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u516d\u4f4d\u56fd\u7c4d\u4e3b\u6559\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u53f0\u5dde\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u9875\uff0c\u5176\u6559\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u4ece\u5b81\u6ce2\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u5212\u51fa\uff0c\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e34\u6d77\u3001\u5929\u53f0\u3001\u4ed9\u5c45\u3001\u9ec4\u5ca9\u3001\u6e29\u5cad\u4e94\u53bf\u6559\u52a1\u3002\u5176\u65f6\u6559\u53cb4383\u4eba\uff0c\u4fee\u5973\uff08\u5b81\u6ce2\u62ef\u7075\u4f1a\u5206\u9662\uff0914\u4eba\uff0c\u795e\u72367\u4eba\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081929\uff09\uff0c\u6d77\u95e8\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u529e\u5723\u5fc3\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081932\uff09\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86\u4e3b\u6559\u5e9c\u697c\u623f\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff081933\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u521b\u529e\u65b9\u6d4e\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u82cf\u91ca\u8499\u4efb\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u6797\u6d01\u752b\u3001\u6797\u6912\u6e14\u4efb\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u540e\u56e0\u751f\u5458\u5c11\uff0c\u73ed\u7ea7\u591a\uff0c\u6559\u5458\u5c11\uff0c\u65bd\u6559\u96be\uff0c\u7ecf\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081936\uff09\u5e76\u5165\u5b81\u6ce2\u589e\u7235\u4fee\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6d77\u95e8\u5546\u4e1a\u84b8\u84b8\u65e5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7e41\u534e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u7801\u5934\u548c\u4e1c\u5347\u8857\u3001\u897f\u5347\u8857\u3001\u4e1c\u632f\u5e02\u8857\u3001\u897f\u632f\u5e02\u8857\u548c\u5927\u6cb3\u5934\u4e00\u5e26\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u5c5e\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\u4e3b\u6559\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5546\u7ec5\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8bf7\u5f53\u65f6\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u957f\u5468\u8c61\u8d24\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8e\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081929\uff09\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5356\u7ed9\u4ee5\u5c48\u6620\u5149\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u632f\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u968f\u540e\u752815\u4e075\u5343\u5143\u552e\u6b3e\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u590d\u5174\u4e1c\u8def\u548c\u987a\u660c\u8def\u4e00\u5e26\u8d2d\u4e70\u697c\u623f40\u4f59\u95f4\u4e3a\u6559\u533a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e09\u95e8\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4ece\u5b81\u6d77\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u4ec5\u6c99\u67f3\u4e00\u5904\uff0c\u4e8e\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081929\uff09\u5efa\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u7531\u539f\u6765\u76847\u540d\u589e\u81f321\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u5e94\u4e50\u5584\u3001\u59da\u5f25\u9ad8\u3001\u4fde\u8c37\u58f0\u3001\u4fde\u56fd\u6881\u3001\u5468\u5d07\u4e00\u3001\u6cee\u4e5f\u6e14\u3001\u7a0b\u884c\u53ef\u3001\u6234\u654f\u751f\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u4f2f\u3001\u8096\u9038\u4eba\u3001\u82cf\u91ca\u8499\u3001\u6797\u9634\u6c11\u3001\u6234\u5112\u671b\u3001\u6797\u6d01\u8f85\u3001\u90d1\u660e\u5e0c\u3001\u5468\u5fd7\u4e2d\u3001\u8d75\u5fd7\u521a\u3001\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u3001\u6797\u516c\u4f01\u3001\u987e\u8c26\u3001\u90d1\u64ad\u592b\u7b49\u3002\u6c88\u5149\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u502a\u5112\u8303\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u80e1\u4e3b\u6559\u53c8\u4ece\u6c5f\u82cf\u6d77\u95e8\u6559\u533a\uff08\u73b0\u79f0\u5357\u901a\u6559\u533a\uff09\u6731\u5f00\u654f\u4e3b\u6559\u5904\u8bf7\u6765\u6d77\u95e8\u5a74\u5fb7\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\u6765\u53f0\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u4f20\u6559\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u662f\u5e74\uff0c\u5e94\u4e50\u5584\u5949\u6559\u533a\u547d\u5230\u9ec4\u5ca9\u51fa\u4efb\u672c\u5802\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u533a\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u5927\u5802\u3001\u795e\u7236\u697c\u7b4940\u4f59\u95f4\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5934\u9640\u3001\u8def\u6865\u3001\u5927\u5c99\u3001\u6a2a\u8857\u3001\u6768\u5bb6\u5729\u3001\u6d2a\u5bb6\u7b49\u516d\u4e2a\u7948\u7977\u6240\u7684\u6559\u52a1\uff0c\u6559\u5f92\u8fbe\u5343\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u540e\u5e94\u795e\u7236\u8c03\u4efb\u4e34\u6d77\u5927\u56ed\u672c\u5802\uff0c\u901d\u4e16\u4e8e\u4e34\u6d77\uff0c\u7ec8\u5e7467\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081930\uff09\uff0c\u6f58\u4e5f\u6e14\u4efb\u4ed9\u5c45\u672c\u5802\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u4eba\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\u82cf\u91ca\u8499\u4efb\u672c\u5802\uff0c\u5f00\u8bbe\u201c\u6aa0\u5149\u201d\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u589e\u8bbe\u738b\u5b85\u3001\u4e0b\u5f20\u4e8c\u7948\u7977\u6240\uff0c\u6559\u52a1\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7ee7\u82cf\u6cbb\u7406\u4ed9\u5c45\u6559\u52a1\u7684\u6709\u6797\u6912\u6e14\u3001\u8d75\u5fd7\u521a\u3001\u6234\u654f\u751f\u7b49\u795e\u7236\u3002\u5929\u53f0\u5f00\u529e\u201c\u5149\u542f\u201d\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081932\uff09\uff0c\u6e29\u5cad\u6559\u53cb406\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081934\uff09\uff0c\u6d77\u95e8\u6559\u4f1a\u521b\u529e\u300a\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6708\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u7a0b\u884c\u53ef\u4efb\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1b\u540e\u7531\u6234\u5112\u671b\u3001\u6797\u516c\u4f01\u7ee7\u4efb\u3002\u6559\u533a\u8fd8\u66fe\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u516c\u6559\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u548c\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\uff1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u7531\u5e94\u4e50\u8f69\u3001\u6c5f\u91d1\u4e49\u3001\u6f58\u514b\u90a6\u3001\u6c88\u821c\u81e3\u7b49\u4efb\u6b63\u526f\u4f1a\u957f\uff1b\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u7531\u9ec4\u521d\u9192\uff08\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081936\uff09\uff0c\u6559\u5ef7\u4ee3\u8868\u8521\u5b81\u603b\u4e3b\u6559\u8385\u53f0\u89c6\u5bdf\uff0c6\u670828\u65e5\u62b5\u6e29\u5cad\u5de1\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6d77\u95e8\u4fee\u9662\u4e94\u95f4\u697c\u623f\u548c\u949f\u697c\u88ab\u65e5\u5bc7\u70b8\u6bc1\uff0c\u5bf9\u95e8\u4ec1\u6148\u5802\u91cc\u7684\u5b64\u513f\u5b69\u5b50\u907f\u5230\u9ec4\u5ca9\u5927\u5c99\u548c\u4e34\u6d77\u9ec4\u6c99\u3002\u9ec4\u5ca9\u57ce\u5185\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5927\u95e8\u548c\u5927\u5802\u5c61\u906d\u65e5\u5bc7\u8f70\u70b8\uff1b\u4e8e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081946\uff09\u4fee\u590d\u3002\u677e\u95e8\u6559\u5802\u7684\u4e94\u95f4\u897f\u5f0f\u697c\u623f\u4e5f\u88ab\u6bc1\u4e8e\u65e5\u5bc7\u70ae\u706b\u3002\u53f0\u5dde\u5176\u5b83\u6559\u5802\u4e5f\u6709\u906d\u5230\u91cd\u5927\u635f\u5931\u7684\u3002\u6297\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e34\u6d77\u5168\u53bf\u6709\u6559\u5f92500\u4f59\u4eba\uff1b\u6e29\u5cad\u6709\u6559\u5f921814\u4eba\uff1b\u9ec4\u5ca9\u6709\u6559\u5f92900\u4f59\u4eba\uff1b\u7389\u73af\u6709\u6559\u5f92400\u4f59\u4eba\uff1b\u4ed9\u5c45\u4ec5\u5b5870\u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\uff1b\u5929\u53f0\u3001\u4e09\u95e8\u4e24\u53bf\u6559\u5f92\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5404\u53bf\u7684\u4e61\u95f4\u7948\u7977\u6240\u6682\u65f6\u505c\u529e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u81f3\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081940-1942\uff09\uff0c\u4fde\u8c37\u58f0\u5728\u5929\u53f0\u5e73\u9547\u3001\u724c\u95e8\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\uff0c\u7ee7\u4fde\u5728\u5929\u53f0\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u6709\u8096\u9038\u4eba\u3001\u5468\u5fd7\u4e2d\u3001\u9676\u7136\u7b49\u795e\u7236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081946\uff094\u6708\uff0c\u6559\u5ef7\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u6559\u533a\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\uff1b\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6b63\u6743\u4e3b\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 4\uff09<\/strong>\u89e3\u653e\u540e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8d70\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u5411\u7f13\u6162\u30021957\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u53cb6081\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ec4\u5ca92873\u4eba\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u95e8\uff09\uff0c\u6e29\u5cad1147\u4eba\uff0c\u5929\u53f01005\u4eba\uff0c\u4e34\u6d77836\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed9\u5c45220\u4eba\u3002\uff08\u7389\u73af\u6709517\u540d\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5f52\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u7ba1\u8f96\u3002\uff09\u81ea\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5de6\u503e\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u623f\u5c4b\u9646\u7eed\u88ab\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u4fee\u5973\u9662\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u795e\u7236\u6559\u53cb\u88ab\u6355\u6216\u906d\u96be\u30021955\u5e749\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\u4e3b\u6559\u4ee5\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u7f6a\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u6559\u52a1\u7531\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\u502a\u5112\u8303\u4e3b\u6301\u30021962\u5e74\uff0c\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\u75c5\u91ca\u540e\u5728\u9ec4\u5ca9\u5802\u75c5\u6545\u30021966\u5e74\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u502a\u75c5\u6545\uff0c\u6559\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531\u5468\u5d07\u4e00\u3001\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u76f8\u7ee7\u4e3b\u6301\u3002\u5728\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4ea1\u6545\u7684\u795e\u7236\u6709\u7a0b\u884c\u53ef\uff081953\u5e74\u4ea1\u6545\uff09\uff0c\u90d1\u64ad\u592b\uff081960\u5e74\u4ea1\u4e8e\u5b89\u5409\u519c\u573a\uff09\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4f2f\uff08\u7ea6\u4ea1\u4e8e60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\uff0c\u848b\u6155\u608c\uff081960\u5e74\u4ea1\u4e8e\u5341\u91cc\u4e30\u519c\u573a\uff09\uff0c\u4fde\u8c37\u58f0\uff081963\u5e74\u4ea1\u6545\uff09\uff0c\u4fde\u56fd\u6881\uff081975\u5e74\u4ea1\u6545\uff09\uff0c\u5468\u5fd7\u5fe0\uff081979\u5e74\u5728\u5929\u53f0\u539f\u5999\u5c71\u5934\u5802\u540e\u5c0f\u95f4\u4ea1\u6545\uff09\uff0c\u8096\u9038\u4eba\uff081979\u5e74\u4ea1\u6545\uff09\uff0c\u5468\u5d07\u4e00\uff08\u6587\u9769\u65f6\u4f4f\u4e34\u6d77\u5927\u56ed\uff0c1982\u5e74\u5728\u9ec4\u5ca9\u6559\u53cb\u5bb6\u4ea1\u6545\uff09\uff0c\u91d1\u5b50\u5efa\uff08\u53c8\u540d\u91d1\u65b0\u767b\u3001\u91d1\u6234\u695a\uff0c\u539f\u5728\u6e29\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\uff0c1962\u5e74\u91ca\u653e\u56de\u539f\u7c4d\u7389\u73af\u671d\u9633\uff0c1987\u5e74\u5728\u7389\u73af\u574e\u95e8\u4ea1\u6545\uff09\u30021987\u5e74\u540e\u5c1a\u5b58\u7559\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u3001\u987e\u8c26\u3001\u5f20\u6587\u723d\u3001\u9676\u7136\u56db\u4f4d\u795e\u7236\u3002   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5341\u4e00\u5c4a\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u5148\u540e\u6062\u590d\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u30021981\u5e74\uff0c\u6912\u6c5f\u5802\u6210\u7acb\u7ba1\u7406\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u4efb\u7ec4\u957f\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u8521\u957f\u4f4f\u6e29\u5cad\u65b0\u6cb3\uff0c\u65f6\u6765\u6912\u6c5f\u505a\u5f25\u6492\uff09\uff0c\u526f\u7ec4\u957f\u91d1\u9e23\u7a7a\u30021984\u5e74\uff0c\u6912\u6c5f\u6536\u56de\u5973\u5802\u6cbf\u8857\u697c\u4e0b\u4e09\u95f4\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u53cb\u4e34\u65f6\u7948\u7977\u7528\u623f\u30021984\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4e34\u6d77\u9000\u8fd8\u90e8\u5206\u6559\u4f1a\u623f\u4ea7\u30021986\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6912\u6c5f\u9010\u6b65\u5f52\u8fd8\u6559\u4f1a\u7537\u5973\u5802\u90e8\u5206\u6559\u4ea7\uff1b\u5e76\u5148\u540e\u6536\u56de\u7389\u73af\u9752\u5858\u80cc\u3001\u574e\u95e8\u3001\u9ec4\u5ca9\u3001\u6e29\u5cad\u3001\u65b0\u6cb3\u3001\u8def\u6865\u3001\u5927\u56ed\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6559\u4ea7\uff1b\u6912\u6c5f\u6d2a\u5bb6\u3001\u6e29\u5cad\u5927\u6eaa\u3001\u4e34\u6d77\u5927\u77f3\u7684\u6559\u4ea7\u4f5c\u4e86\u5f02\u5730\u91cd\u5efa\u5904\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1986\u5e749\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u5c1a\u5065\u5728\u7684\u56db\u4f4d\u6559\u533a\u795e\u7236\uff1a\u8521\u5b50\u7434\uff0881\u5c81\uff0c\u4f4f\u6e29\u5cad\u65b0\u6cb3\u5802\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u671f\u95f4\u4ee5\u5c0f\u8d29\u8c0b\u751f\uff09\uff0c\u987e\u8c26\uff0880\u5c81\uff0c\u4f4f\u8def\u6865\u884c\u533b\uff0c\u540e\u53cc\u76ee\u5931\u660e\uff09\uff0c\u91d1\u5b50\u5efa\uff0871\u5c81\uff0c62\u5e74\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u5728\u8001\u5bb6\u7389\u73af\u4f20\u6559\uff09\u5f20\u6587\u723d\uff0870\u5c81\uff0c1955-1985\u5e74\u5728\u52b3\u6539\uff0c\u91ca\u540e\u4f4f\u8def\u6865\u91d1\u6e05\u6559\u53cb\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u6cb3\u5802\u76f8\u805a\uff0c\u6912\u6c5f\u6559\u53cb\u91d1\u9e23\u7a7a\u5217\u5e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u9009\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u795e\u7236\u4e3a\u6559\u533a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u638c\u7ba1\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1987\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u7ecf\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u201c\u4e24\u4f1a\u201d\u5e38\u59d4\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u7814\u7a76\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6309\u5730\u533a\u884c\u653f\u533a\u57df\u7684\u66f4\u53d8\uff0c\u7389\u73af\u6559\u52a1\u4ece\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u5212\u5f52\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u603b\u5802\u6912\u6c5f\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\uff0c\u539f\u4e3b\u6559\u5ea7\u5802\uff0c1987\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f52\u8fd8\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u3001\u987e\u8c26\u795e\u7236\u5148\u540e\u5e38\u9a7b\u30021988\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u6912\u6c5f\u5e02\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3b\u4efb\u8521\u5b50\u7434\uff0c\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u6881\u5b66\u521a\uff0c\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u989c\u5b89\u6c11\u3002\u4f46\u8521\u3001\u987e\u4fe9\u795e\u7236\u90fd\u5df2\u5e74\u8fc7\u516b\u5341\uff0c\u4f53\u8870\u591a\u75c5\uff0c\u987e\u53c8\u53cc\u76ee\u5931\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u4e8e1989\u5e74\u5e95\u30011991\u5e74\u521d\u5728\u6912\u6c5f\u75c5\u901d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u9ec4\u5ca9\u3001\u4e34\u6d77\u3001\u7389\u73af\u3001\u6e29\u5cad\u3001\u6d2a\u5bb6\u3001\u65b0\u6cb3\u3001\u7267\u5c7f\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u5802\u70b9\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u5802\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e26\u9886\u6559\u53cb\u4eec\u8fc7\u4fe1\u4ef0\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u9762\u8c8c\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5929\u53f0\u3001\u4e09\u95e8\u53bf\u56e0\u4fe1\u5f92\u8001\u6b7b\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u672a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u4ef0\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed9\u5c45\u53bf\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u6559\u53cb\u8fc7\u4fe1\u4ef0\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5404\u53bf\u5e02\u7684\u5802\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5404\u81ea\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5f00\u5c55\u670d\u52a1\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4e34\u6d77\u3001\u9ec4\u5ca9\u3001\u5927\u77f3\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u5e7c\u513f\u73ed\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u5bb6\u957f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u8d56\u548c\u597d\u8bc4\u30021980\u20141990\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u4f1a\u6350\u8d44\u5174\u5b668110\u5143\uff0c\u8d48\u707e4802\u5143\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u8863\u72696880\u4ef6\uff0c\u7cae\u79681500\u65a4\uff0c\u4fee\u8def4000\u4f59\u7c73\u3002\u7d2f\u8ba1\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6350\u52a9\u6297\u6d2a\u6551\u707e\uff0c\u897f\u90e8\u5927\u5f00\u53d1\u7b49\u7231\u5fc3\u5949\u732e\uff0c\u5171\u8fbe\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u4e07\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u56e0\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u89e3\u653e\u524d\u540e\u53bb\u6d77\u5916\u7559\u5b66\u7684\u8463\u798f\u661f\u795e\u7236\u4ecd\u5728\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u4f20\u4fe1\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u5d14\u660e\u5764\u795e\u7236\u7559\u6cd5\u672a\u5f52\uff1b\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5f20\u6587\u723d1989\u5e74\u53c8\u88ab\u9001\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u6559\u517b\u201d\uff0c\u9676\u7136\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6562\u516c\u5f00\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u7fa4\u7f8a\u201d\u65e0\u7267\u5883\u5730\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c1991\u5e74\uff0c\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u6258\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4e34\u65f6\u4ee3\u7ba1\uff1b\u6bcf\u9022\u56db\u5927\u77bb\u793c\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u795e\u7236\u5230\u53f0\u5dde\u4e3b\u6301\u5f25\u6492\u3001\u4e3e\u884c\u5723\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1992\u5e748\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u5730\u533a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u7b79\uff09\u4e8e\u6912\u6c5f\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e3b\u4efb\u5f90\u9e23\u91ce\u795e\u7236\uff08\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u795e\u7236\uff09\uff0c\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u6881\u5b66\u521a\u3001\u738b\u5929\u4e91\uff08\u517c\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1992-1994\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u62db\u6536\u4e00\u4e9b\u613f\u610f\u732e\u5df1\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7537\u5973\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u8fc7\u7701\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4ece\u9655\u897f\u548c\u5c71\u4e1c\u4e24\u7701\u7edf\u4e00\u62db\u6536\u7684\u7537\u5973\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u9001\u4e0a\u6d77\u4fee\u9662\u548c\u5b81\u6ce2\u3001\u82cf\u5dde\u4fee\u5973\u9662\u4ee3\u4e3a\u57f9\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1993\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5f20\u6587\u723d\u795e\u7236\u91cd\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\u5e76\u4f4f\u8fdb\u6912\u6c5f\u603b\u5802\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u5168\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u52a1\u30021994\u5e744\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u53ec\u5f00\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9996\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee3\u886835\u4eba\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3b\u4efb\u5f20\u6587\u723d\uff0c\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u6881\u5b66\u521a\u3001\u738b\u5929\u4e91\uff0c\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u738b\u5929\u4e91\uff08\u517c\uff09\uff0c\u526f\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u5468\u6c38\u798f\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5f20\u5373\u5f97\u7edd\u75c7\uff0c\u7ecf\u591a\u5e74\u6cbb\u7597\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u4e8e1996\u5e742\u670828\u65e5\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u7ec8\u5e7480\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5f20\u5f97\u75c5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u66fe\u9080\u8bf7\u9655\u897f\u5468\u81f3\u6559\u533a\u738b\u8f89\u8000\u3001\u8521\u91d1\u671d\u3001\u4f55\u5b8f\u5baa\u7b49\u4e09\u4f4d\u795e\u7236\u6765\u53f0\u5dde\u670d\u52a1\uff1b\u5f20\u4ea1\u6545\u540e\u5747\u5148\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1999\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u7ecf\u53f0\u5dde\u5e02\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53ca\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u53cb\u7684\u591a\u5e74\u9080\u8bf7\u548c\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u4ece\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u8c03\u5f90\u5409\u4f1f\u795e\u7236\u6765\u53f0\u5dde\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u540c\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u6559\u533a\u9080\u8bf7\u9655\u897f\u6e2d\u5357\u6559\u533a\u90ed\u5929\u5e73\u795e\u7236\uff08\u501f\u7528\u4e24\u5e74\uff09\u6765\u53f0\u5dde\u670d\u52a1\u30028\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u7684\u795e\u7236\u3001\u4fee\u751f\u3001\u4fee\u5973\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u5404\u5802\u533a\u7684\u6559\u53cb\u4ee3\u8868\u517125\u4eba\u805a\u4f1a\u6912\u6c5f\uff0c\u4ee5\u65e0\u8bb0\u540d\u6295\u7968\u65b9\u5f0f\u9009\u4e3e\u5f90\u5409\u4f1f\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6559\u533a\u957f\u3002\u540c\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u6d77\u4f58\u5c71\u4fee\u9662\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u6559\u533a\u4fee\u751f\u8def\u5cf0\uff08\u539f\u7c4d\u9655\u897f\u4e09\u539f\uff09\u3001\u6768\u4f5c\u98de\uff08\u539f\u7c4d\u6e29\u5dde\u82cd\u5357\uff09\u795d\u5723\u4e3a\u795e\u7236\u3002\u7ecf\u6559\u533a\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u5f53\u5e748\u6708\u4ece\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u8c03\u6765\u7684\u5468\u82b3\u4f73\u4fee\u5973\uff0c\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u7684\u738b\u739b\u5229\u3001\u738b\u5b89\u5a1c\u3001\u6797\u5411\u4e3b\u548c\u4ece\u5c71\u4e1c\u62db\u751f\u7ecf\u57f9\u80b2\u7684\u5218\u7ea2\u8273\u3001\u5f20\u4e1c\u7ea2\u3001\u66f9\u5170\u79c0\u3001\u59dc\u8d3b\u82b1\u3001\u8881\u5e7f\u6e05\u3001\u5f20\u6d2a\u82b3\u7b49\u4fee\u5973\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e8e2000\u5e749\u6708\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u5fb7\u5170\u4ec1\u7231\u670d\u52a1\u5973\u4fee\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1999\u5e7412\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u5e02\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\u8bae\u5728\u6912\u6c5f\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u4ee3\u886840\u4eba\uff1b\u4f1a\u8bae\u786e\u7acb\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4e3a\u5168\u53f0\u5dde\u5e02\u6559\u52a1\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u539f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5176\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u53f0\u5dde\u5e02\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\uff1b\u5f90\u5409\u4f1f\u6559\u533a\u957f\u517c\u4efb\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u90ed\u5929\u5e73\u3001\u6768\u4f5c\u98de\u3001\u6881\u5b66\u521a\u3001\u738b\u5929\u4e91\u3001\u5468\u82b3\u4f73\uff0c\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u6881\u5b66\u521a\uff08\u517c\uff09\uff0c\u526f\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u5468\u6c38\u798f\u3001\u738b\u5b89\u5a1c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1992\u5e74\u4ece\u9655\u897f\u62db\u6536\u6765\u7684\u6559\u533a\u4fee\u751f\u9a6c\u8d85\u6bc5\u3001\u5362\u514b\u5f3a\u5148\u540e\u4ece\u4f58\u5c71\u4fee\u9662\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e8e2000\u5e7412\u6708\u4e0e2001\u5e7412\u6708\u795d\u5723\u4e3a\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u5230\u5802\u53e3\u5de5\u4f5c\u30022001\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u53c8\u4ece\u6cb3\u5317\u90a2\u53f0\u5907\u4fee\u9662\u62db\u6765\u56db\u540d\u4fee\u751f\uff0c\u9001\u4e0a\u6d77\u4f58\u5c71\u4fee\u9662\u6cf0\u6765\u6865\u5206\u9662\u5c31\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2004\u5e7412\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u5e02\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\u8bae\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u4ee3\u886846\u4eba\uff0c\u9009\u51fa\u5e02\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u5f90\u5409\u4f1f\uff08\u6559\u533a\u957f\u517c\uff09\uff0c\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u6768\u4f5c\u98de\u3001\u6881\u5b66\u521a\uff08\u517c\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\uff09\uff0c\u526f\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u738b\u5b89\u5a1c\u3001\u7ba1\u5b8f\u6069\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2005\u5e74\u5143\u6708\uff0c\u6e29\u5cad\u672c\u5802\u6768\u4f5c\u98de\u795e\u7236\u5728\u8001\u5bb6\u63a2\u4eb2\u65f6\u75c5\u901d\u3002\u540c\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u6559\u533a\u4ece\u6cb3\u5317\u732e\u53bf\u6559\u533a\u9080\u8bf7\u4ef2\u6625\u7965\u795e\u7236\u3001\u674e\u4fca\u6ce2\u4fee\u58eb\u6765\u53f0\u5dde\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f0\u5dde\u5e02\u8bbe\u4e5d\u4e2a\u884c\u653f\u533a\uff1a\u6912\u6c5f\u533a\u3001\u9ec4\u5ca9\u533a\u3001\u8def\u6865\u533a\u3001\u4e34\u6d77\u5e02\u3001\u6e29\u5cad\u5e02\u3001\u7389\u73af\u53bf\u3001\u5929\u53f0\u53bf\u3001\u4ed9\u5c45\u53bf\u548c\u4e09\u95e8\u53bf\u3002\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a2005\u5e74\u8ba1\u6709\u5f00\u653e\u5802\u624025\u5904\uff0c\u795e\u72365\u540d\uff0c\u53d1\u613f\u4fee\u59739\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u8bfb\u4fee\u58eb5\u540d\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u7ea65000\u4eba\u3002\u6559\u533a\u5206\u8bbe\u6912\u6c5f\u3001\u9ec4\u5ca9\u3001\u4e34\u6d77\u3001\u6e29\u5cad\u3001\u7389\u73af\u4e94\u4e2a\u5802\u533a\uff0c\u5747\u6709\u795e\u7236\u5e38\u4f4f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5802 \u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6912\u6c5f\u5929\u4e3b\u5802   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6912\u6c5f\u539f\u79f0\u6d77\u95e8\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6912\u6c5f\u6a2a\u8d2f\u5168\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u4e5f\u6709\u6d77\u95e8\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u6539\u79f0\u6912\u6c5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6912\u6c5f\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6559\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u53f0\u5dde\u4e3b\u6559\u5ea7\u5802\u6709\u4e00\u6240\u8036\u7a23\u5723\u5fc3\u5802\u3001\u795e\u7236\u697c\u3001\u4e3b\u6559\u5e9c\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u9644\u5c5e\u7528\u623f\uff0c\u7edf\u79f0\u7537\u5802\uff1b\u5730\u5904\u53f0\u5dde\u5e02\u6912\u6c5f\u533a\u897f\u95e8\u8def\u4e8c\u53f7\u3002\u9694\u8857\u5bf9\u9762\u4e3a\u4ec1\u6148\u5802\uff0c\u7edf\u79f0\u5973\u5802\uff0c\u662f\u539f\u4fee\u5973\u9662\uff0c\u6709\u4fee\u5973\u5c0f\u5802\u3001\u4f4f\u5b85\u3001\u4fee\u5973\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u548c\u5929\u795e\u4f1a\u5973\u5b69\u5de5\u4f5c\u95f4\u7b49\u5927\u6279\u623f\u5c4b\u3002\u6912\u6c5f\u533a\u73b0\u6709\u7ae0\u5b89\u8857\u9053\u5efa\u8bbe\u6751\u548c\u6d2a\u5bb6\u8857\u90532\u4e2a\u7948\u7977\u6240\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709\u6559\u53cb1000\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u846d\u82b7\u7684\u6805\u6865\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u53f0\u5dde\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u540c\u6cbb\u56db\u5e74\uff081865\uff09\uff0c\u6805\u6865\u7684\u539f\u201c\u65e0\u4e3a\u6559\u201d\u6559\u5f92\u5f20\u57fa\u624d\uff08\u97f3\uff0c\u4e00\u8bf4\u5f20\u624d\u57fa\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u65e0\u4e3a\u6559\u201d\u906d\u6e05\u5ef7\u9547\u538b\u540e\uff0c\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\u5b66\u9053\uff0c\u5f20\u57fa\u624d\u4e8e\u516d\u5e74\uff081867\uff098\u670815\u65e5\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u53d7\u6d17\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u53cb\u3002\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u4f1a\u56de\u5e94\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e8e\u90a3\u5e746\u670818\u65e5\u6d3e\u5f20\u8001\u4e5d\uff08\u821f\u5c71\u4eba\uff0c\u539f\u5728\u4e0a\u865e\u8bb2\u9053\uff09\uff0c8\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u6d3e\u5085\u9053\u5b89\u795e\u7236\u6765\u6805\u6865\u5f00\u6559\u4f20\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u6805\u6865\u5efa\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5728\u5085\u9053\u5b89\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u6765\u6805\u6865\u3001\u6d77\u95e8\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u795e\u7236\u6709\u6c5f\u9634\u4eba\u9a6c\u672c\u7b03\uff081832-1894\uff09\uff0c\u6d77\u5b81\u4eba\u6c88\u82e5\u745f\uff081835-1868\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5f90\u5fd7\u4fee\uff081830-1890\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u7530\u6cd5\u670d\uff081859-1949\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u8463\u589e\u5fb7\uff081850-1922\uff09\uff0c\u9ec4\u5ca9\u4eba\u962e\u632f\u94ce\uff081865-1910\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u90ce\u5b88\u4fe1\uff081850-1910\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u674e\u601d\u806a\uff081864-1930\uff09\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\u90ce\u514b\u5fd7\uff081876-1906\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u9676\u7c7b\u601d\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u4eba\u8881\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u7ff0\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u674e\u601d\u806a\uff081864-1930\uff0c\u6cd5\u7c4d\uff091892\u5e74\u6765\u53f0\u5dde\uff0c8\u6708\u95f4\u5728\u6805\u6865\u5efa\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u6559\u5802\u548c\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u95e8\u62e9\u5730\u5174\u5efa\u5927\u5802\u548c\u7537\u5802\u3001\u5973\u5802\u7b49\u5927\u6279\u9644\u5c5e\u7528\u623f\u3002\u5927\u5802\u9020\u578b\u5448\u54e5\u7279\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e1c\u897f\u8de8\u5ea6\u5341\u4e94\u7c73\uff0c\u5357\u5317\u957f\u5ea6\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u70b9\u4e8c\u7c73\uff0c\u540e\u8bbe\u66f4\u8863\u6240\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u3002\u6559\u5802\u6b63\u9762\u9ad8\u4e09\u5341\u4f59\u7c73\uff0c\u539f\u796d\u53f0\u623f\u9ad8\u56db\u5341\u4f59\u7c73\uff1b\u5927\u5802\u4e1c\u4fa7\u53e6\u5efa\u949f\u697c\uff0c\u5185\u6709\u4e24\u53ea\u53e3\u5f84\u516d\u5341\u70b9\u4e94\u516c\u5206\u7684\u53e4\u94dc\u949f\uff1b\u6574\u4f53\u5efa\u7b51\u9ad8\u8038\u5165\u4e91\uff0c\u96c4\u4f1f\u3001\u7cbe\u81f4\u3001\u6c14\u9b44\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u6d77\u95e8\u5efa\u7b51\u4e00\u7edd\u3002\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5723\u5802\u906d\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5927\u5802\u4e2d\u95f4\u58ee\u4e3d\u7684\u5927\u67f1\u88ab\u5b66\u6821\u62c6\u9664\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u5ba4\u5185\u8fd0\u52a8\u573a\u3002\u6559\u5802\u9762\u8c8c\u5168\u975e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u9053\u5149\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff081894\uff09\uff0c\u674e\u53c8\u5f00\u53d1\u6d77\u6d82\uff0c\u9020\u623f\u51fa\u79df\uff1b\u5e76\u5174\u9020\u6d77\u95e8\u6d77\u6e2f\u548c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7801\u5934\uff0c\u5f00\u901a\u6d77\u95e8\u4e0e\u5b81\u6ce2\u3001\u6e29\u5dde\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u822a\u8fd0\uff1b\u8fd8\u5f00\u529e\u7ee3\u82b1\u5382\u3001\u7ec7\u889c\u5382\u3001\u53d1\u7535\u5382\uff0c\u521b\u529e\u8bca\u6240\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4e3a\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u632f\u5174\u548c\u6d77\u95e8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u674e\u5f97\u6e05\u5ef7\u8d4f\u8bc6\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u4e8c\u7b49\u5609\u79be\u52cb\u7ae0\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u516b\u5e74\uff081919\uff09\uff0c\u674e\u8c03\u5f80\u821f\u5c71\u672c\u5802\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081930\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u75c5\u901d\uff1b\u5e94\u6559\u53cb\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7075\u67e9\u79fb\u81f3\u6d77\u95e8\uff0c\u5b89\u539d\u4e8e\u5723\u5fc3\u5802\u95e8\u524d\u53f0\u9636\u4e0b\u3002\u5176\u5893\u7891\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u65f6\u88ab\u6bc1\uff0c\u9057\u9aa8\u4ecd\u5728\u5802\u524d\u5730\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\uff081897\uff09\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u62ef\u7075\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u516d\u540d\u4fee\u5973\u6765\u53f0\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u95e8\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fee\u5973\u5206\u9662\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081905\uff09\uff0c\u674e\u601d\u806a\u5efa\u7acb\u5929\u795e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6536\u517b\u5b64\u513f\uff0c\u6388\u7ecf\u4f20\u827a\uff1b\u4fee\u5973\u6559\u80b2\u6559\u53cb\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5916\u770b\u75c5\u4f20\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4ec1\u6148\u5802\u4fee\u5973\u9662\u5185\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u5723\u6bcd\u5c71\uff0c\u662f\u4fee\u5973\u548c\u6559\u53cb\u4eec\u7948\u7977\u3001\u671d\u5723\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f20\u8bf4\u66fe\u6709\u4e00\u53eb\u848b\u793c\u5e7f\uff08\u97f3\uff09\u7684\u6d77\u95e8\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u53bb\u4e0a\u6d77\u4f58\u5c71\u6c42\u5723\u6bcd\uff1b\u695a\u95e8\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6797\u6d01\u752b\u795e\u7236\u7684\u4eb2\u621a\uff0c\u6709\u75c5\u6c42\u5723\u6bcd\uff1b\u5723\u6bcd\u5747\u63d0\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u6d77\u95e8\u5c0f\u5c71\u4e0a\u6c42\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u6765\u5230\u6b64\u5723\u6bcd\u5c71\u4e0a\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u6240\u6c42\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081913\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5c71\u9876\u4e0a\u5efa\u8d77\u4e00\u5ea7\u5723\u6bcd\u4ead\u3002\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\u4e3b\u6559\u53c8\u589e\u8bbe\u5723\u5fc3\u50cf\u3001\u82e5\u745f\u50cf\u548c\u5341\u56db\u5904\u82e6\u8def\u50cf\u3002\u5c71\u4e0a\u7eff\u6811\u6210\u836b\uff0c\u666f\u89c2\u72ec\u597d\uff0c\u767b\u9ad8\u8fdc\u773a\uff0c\u6912\u6c5f\u5e02\u666f\u5c3d\u6536\u773c\u5e95\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5e38\u6709\u7701\u5185\u5916\u7684\u6559\u53cb\u6765\u6b64\u671d\u5723\u6c42\u5723\u6bcd\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e94\u3001\u5341\u6708\u4efd\u671d\u5723\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u6587\u9769\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5723\u6bcd\u5c71\u60e8\u906d\u7834\u574f\u30022000\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u4fee\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff09\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u795d\u5723\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u4e0a\u4efb\uff0c\u8bbe\u4e3b\u6559\u5e9c\u5728\u6d77\u95e8\uff0c\u5b9a\u6d77\u95e8\u5802\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6559\u5ea7\u5802\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3b\u6559\u697c\u623f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081929\uff09\uff0c\u6d77\u95e8\u5802\u5f00\u529e\u5723\u5fc3\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u540e\u7acb\u6848\u79f0\u9ec4\u5ca9\u53bf\u6d77\u95e8\u79c1\u7acb\u5723\u5fc3\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081945\uff09\uff0c\u589e\u8bbe\u4e2d\u5b66\u73ed\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u80b2\u624d\u5c0f\u5b66\uff08\u5373\u6912\u6c5f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5c0f\u5b66\uff09\u548c\u6912\u6c5f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2d\u5b66\uff08\u4e2d\u5b66\u540e\u6765\u5b83\u8fc1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u89e3\u653e\u521d\uff0c\u6912\u6c5f\u7537\u5802\u623f\u4ea7\u5168\u88ab\u90e8\u961f\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u5802\u88ab\u80b2\u624d\u5c0f\u5b66\u5360\u7528\uff1b\u4e3b\u6559\u795e\u7236\u642c\u81f3\u5973\u5802\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5973\u5802\u623f\u5c4b\u5168\u7531\u6912\u6c5f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2d\u5b66\u5360\u7528\u30021986\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6912\u6c5f\u6559\u4ea7\u9646\u7eed\u9000\u8fd8\u30021986\u5e74\u5723\u8bde\u8282\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5411\u5b66\u6821\u501f\u7528\u5927\u5802\uff0c\u5e86\u795d\u4e86\u6587\u9769\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u30021987\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u5802\u6b63\u5f0f\u6536\u56de\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u3001\u987e\u8c26\u4e24\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u8fdb\u5802\u5185\u3002\u540e\u6536\u56de\u5317\u5cb8\u58a9\u5934\uff08\u73b0\u79f0\u5efa\u8bbe\u6751\uff09\u548c\u6d2a\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u6210\u7acb\u5802\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u4e09\u5904\u5802\u6240\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6805\u6865\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u7684\u6559\u4ea7\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u6536\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e34\u6d77\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u540c\u6cbb\u516d\u5e74\uff081867\uff09\uff0c\u795e\u7236\u5085\u9053\u5b89\u5230\u6d77\u95e8\u6805\u6865\u7b49\u5730\u5f00\u6559\u65f6\uff0c\u4e34\u6d77\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u53bb\u542c\u9053\uff0c\u53d7\u4e86\u6d17\u793c\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081893\uff09\uff0c\u674e\u601d\u806a\u5728\u4e34\u6d77\u57ce\u5185\u8bbe\u4e00\u5c0f\u5802\uff0c\u4f4f\u6709\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff0c\u6709\u767e\u4f59\u540d\u8036\u7a23\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\u6539\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b21\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u674e\u601d\u806a\u5728\u4eca\u5dfe\u5c71\u8def\u8d75\u5df7\u4e00\u5e26\u8d2d\u4e70\u623f\u5b50\u548c\u56ed\u5730\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u6559\u5802\u548c\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081902\uff09\uff0c\u6a0a\u56fd\u67f1\u91cd\u5efa\u6559\u5802\u4e03\u95f4\u3001\u795e\u7236\u697c\u4e09\u95f4\u548c\u4ec1\u6148\u5802\u623f\u5b50\u591a\u95f4\u3002\u55e3\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u53cc\u6e2f\u5927\u56ed\u3001\u5927\u77f3\u6cb3\u5934\u7b49\u5730\u76f8\u7ee7\u5efa\u5802\u3002\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u672c\u53bf\u5916\u7c4d\u795e\u7236\u6709\u674e\u601d\u806a\u3001\u6b65\u795e\u7236\uff08\u6cd5\u7c4d\uff09\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u6797\u795e\u7236\u7b49\u4eba\u3002\u5ba3\u7edf\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081910\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u4e3b\u6301\u6559\u52a1\u7684\u795e\u7236\u6709\u59da\u5f25\u9ad8\u3001\u4fde\u56fd\u58f0\u3001\u4fde\u56fd\u6881\u3001\u90d1\u660e\u5e0c\u3001\u5e94\u4e50\u5584\u3001\u5468\u5d07\u4e00\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u4f2f\u3001\u8096\u9038\u4eba\u3001\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u3001\u5f20\u6587\u723d\u7b49\u4eba\u3002\u6297\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u6559\u53cb500\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u66fe\u529e\u8fc7\u539f\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u4e34\u6d77\u82b1\u5382\u3001\u8bca\u6240\u3001\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u3001\u517b\u8001\u9662\u7b49\u516c\u76ca\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u8bbe\u6709\u675c\u4e0b\u6865\u3001\u5927\u77f3\u3001\u5927\u7530\u3001\u5927\u56ed\u3001\u5c24\u6eaa\u3001\u58a9\u5934\u7b496\u4e2a\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u524d\uff0c\u79f0\u6709\u6559\u53cb2600\u4eba\u30021955\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u505c\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6587\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u57ce\u5173\u539f\u7537\u5802\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u795e\u7236\u697c\u4e09\u95f4\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u6536\u56de\uff1b\u5927\u5802\u4e03\u95f4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9644\u5c5e\u623f\u4ecd\u88ab\u53f0\u5dde\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u5360\u7528\u3002\u5927\u7530\u3001\u5c24\u6eaa\u3001\u548c\u675c\u4e0b\u6865\u4e09\u5904\u7948\u7977\u6240\u672a\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u5728\u4e34\u6d77\u57ce\u5173\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u4ea7\uff0c\u5728\u5f90\u7d20\u4e91\u4fee\u5973\u548c\u738b\u6625\u6885\u7b49\u6559\u53cb\u5954\u6ce2\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5df2\u4e8e1984\u5e7410\u6708\u57fa\u672c\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u73b0\u4e34\u65f6\u6559\u5802\uff08\u4e3b\u4fdd\u65e0\u539f\u7f6a\u5723\u6bcd\uff09\u8bbe\u5728\u5dfe\u5c71\u8def\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8d75\u5df739-1\u53f7\u539f\u4fee\u5973\u9662\u697c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u795e\u7236\u3001\u4fee\u5973\u4f4f\u7528\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u623f\u5c4b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u79df\u3002\u73b0\u5168\u53bf\u7ea6\u6709\u6559\u53cb900\u4eba\uff08\u4e00\u8bf41410\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ec4\u5ca9\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e05\u540c\u6cbb\u516d\u5e74\uff081867\uff09\uff0c\u5085\u9053\u5b89\u795e\u7236\u5728\u6805\u6865\u5f00\u6559\u540e\uff0c\u66fe\u5230\u5927\u5c99\uff08\u9ec4\u5ca9\u87ba\u6d0b\uff09\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u4e03\u5e74\uff081868\uff09\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u5927\u5c99\u8d2d\u623f\uff0c\u8bbe\u5802\uff1b\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081893\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u9ec4\u5ca9\u53bf\u57ce\u9053\u4e49\u5df7\uff08\u4eca\u9752\u5e74\u4e1c\u8def\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081899\uff09\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u6559\u53cb900\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081927\uff09\uff0c\u5e94\u4e50\u5584\u795e\u7236\u9996\u5148\u9a7b\u4f4f\u9ec4\u5ca9\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081930\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u9053\u4e49\u5df7\u8d2d\u57302.895\u4ea9\u5efa\u5802\u3002\u56db\u9762\u56f4\u5899\uff0c\u5357\u9762\u6cbf\u5927\u8def\u76d6\u5411\u9633\u697c9\u95f4\uff0c\u897f\u9762\u5973\u5802\u697c\u623f4\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5927\u5802\uff08\u540d\u5c0f\u5fb7\u808b\u6492\u5802\uff09\u8fde\u66f4\u8863\u62406\u95f4\uff0c\u4e1c\u9762\u795e\u7236\u697c1\u5e625\u95f4\uff0c\u5317\u9762\u5e73\u5c4b\u3001\u5395\u6240\u517117\u95f4\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081933\uff09\uff0c\u9ec4\u5ca9\u5802\u5f00\u529e\u5a74\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u80b2\u5a74\u6240\u4e0e\u65bd\u8bca\u6240\u3002\u5728\u6805\u6865\u3001\u6d2a\u5bb6\u3001\u8305\u6797\u3001\u5927\u5c99\u3001\u5934\u9640\u6865\u3001\u5c7f\u65b0\u3001\u6768\u52a0\u5c7f\u8bbe\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081948\uff09\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u589e\u81f32000\u4f59\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6587\u9769\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fde\u795e\u7236\u88ab\u201c\u626b\u5730\u201d\u51fa\u95e8\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u623f\u5b50\u88ab\u673a\u5173\u5355\u4f4d\u5360\u7528\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u88ab\u8feb\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u76f4\u81f31981\u5e74\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u9ec4\u5ca9\u5e02\u533a\u91cd\u5f00\u6559\u5802\u3002\u9ec4\u5ca9\u5802\u9664\u4e34\u88579\u95f4\u623f\u5b50\u53ea\u7559\u6709\u4e8c\u95f4\u5e97\u9762\u623f\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u623f\u5b50\u57fa\u672c\u843d\u5b9e\u30021990\u5e74\u5168\u5802\u533a\u6559\u53cb845\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u6768\u52a0\u5c7f\uff08\u91d1\u6e05\u65b0\u5e02\u4e61\uff09\u5360\u591a\u6570\u3002\u4e3b\u65e5\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ecf\u8d39\u9760\u6559\u5f92\u5949\u732e\u53ca\u623f\u79df\u6536\u5165\u652f\u51fa\u3002\u9ec4\u5ca9\u3001\u8def\u6865\u4e24\u533a\u7ea6\u6709\u6559\u53cb1000\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ec4\u5ca9400\u4f59\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u8def\u6865\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\uff0c\u79f0\u82e5\u745f\u5802\uff0c\u5750\u843d\u5728\u5357\u6805\u78e8\u77f3\u6865\u4e1c\u3002\u539f\u6559\u5802\u56db\u9762\u56f4\u5899\uff0c\u5899\u5185\u897f\u3001\u5357\u4e24\u8fb9\u6709\u5927\u7247\u7a7a\u5730\uff0c\u5c45\u4e2d\u6709\u5750\u5317\u671d\u5357\u697c\u623f5\u95f4\u3001\u62ab\u4e00\u95f4\u30021966\u5e74\u5148\u540e\u88ab\u5404\u5355\u4f4d\u5360\u7528\u30021987\u5e74\u843d\u5b9e\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u539f\u623f\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u9762\u79ef\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u53ea\u5f52\u8fd8\u897f\u59344\u95f4\u697c\u623f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e34\u65f6\u5723\u5802\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u6c38\u8dc3\u88573\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u8305\u6797\u82e5\u745f\u5802\uff0c\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u5148\u540e\u4e3a\u8305\u540c\u6cd5\u3001\u962e\u6b63\u658b\u3001\u9648\u81fb\u798f\u3001\u9676\u4ec1\u9f99\u3002\u6709\u697c\u623f5\u95f4\u3001\u5e73\u623f5\u95f4\u3001\u5723\u58024\u95f4\uff0c\u5802\u524d\u662f\u6c34\u5858\uff0c\u5802\u4e1c\u7a7a\u5730\u4e00\u7247\uff0c\u56db\u9762\u56f4\u5899\u3002\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u524d\u697c\u623f2\u95f4\u5012\u584c\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u76842\u95f4\u697c\u623f\u548c\u5723\u5802\uff0c\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u65f6\u88ab\u62c6\u9664\uff0c\u672a\u843d\u5b9e\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5934\u9640\u7948\u7977\u6240\uff0c\u5728\u5c71\u5e73\u5934\uff0c\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u662f\u76ae\u6587\u534e\u3002\u539f\u6709\u623f\u5b509\u95f4\u534a\uff0c\u7a7a\u57303000\u591a\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u3002\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5c062\u95f4\u5e73\u623f\u4e0e\u5c71\u4e0b\u6885\u9752\u8c03\u6362\u623f\u5c4b1\u95f4\uff0c\u7ed9\u9648\u79c0\u5170\u6bcd\u5b502\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\uff1b\u5c06\u534a\u95f4\u623f\u5b50\u62c6\u6389\uff0c\u5151\u73b050\u5143\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u623f\u5b50\u5168\u88ab\u5b66\u6821\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u843d\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5927\u5c99\u7948\u7977\u6240\uff0c\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5bff\u5802\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u5f90\u6842\u6625\u6559\u53cb\u4ee3\u7ba1\u3002\u603b\u9762\u79ef1.826\u4ea9\uff0c\u623f\u5c4b6\u95f4\uff0c\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u5f53\u5730\u5927\u961f\u62c6\u5356\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u843d\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6768\u5bb6\u5c7f\u5802\u7684\u6559\u4ea7, \u9664\u90e8\u5206\u571f\u5730\u5916, \u5df1\u57fa\u672c\u843d\u5b9e\u30022005\u5e74\u95f4, \u5f53\u5730\u6559\u53cb, \u540c\u5fc3\u534f\u529b, \u9020\u8d77\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u65b0\u5802\uff0c\u79f0\u5723\u5bb6\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e29\u5cad\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e05\u540c\u6cbb\u5341\u5e74\uff081871\uff09\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u53bf\uff08\u4eca\u6e29\u5cad\u5e02\uff09\u6709\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u53bb\u6d77\u95e8\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u540e\u4fe1\u6559\u7684\u3002\u6e05\u5149\u7eea\u516d\u5e74\uff081880\uff09\u95f4\uff0c\u66fe\u6709\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6765\u5927\u6eaa\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff081894\uff09\uff0c\u6e29\u5cad\u7684\u65b0\u6cb3\u4e1c\u95e8\u3001\u4e4c\u6c99\u95e8\uff0c\u5927\u6eaa\u7b49\u5730\u5df2\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6155\u9053\u8005\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u53bf\u5185\u6709\u6559\u53cb406\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7537\u6559\u53cb214\u4eba\uff0c\u5973\u6559\u53cb192\u4eba\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081936\uff096\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u7279\u4f7f\u8521\u5b81\u603b\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u5230\u6e29\u5cad\u89c6\u5bdf\u6559\u52a1\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74(1943) 7\u6708\uff0c\u6559\u5f92\u589e\u52a0\u52301814\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7537\u6559\u53cb791\u4eba\uff0c\u5973\u6559\u53cb1023\u4eba\u30021949\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u6709\u6559\u580216\u5904\uff0c\u6559\u53cb1706\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u8bf4\u662f1860\u4eba\u3002\u4f4f\u795e\u7236\u7684\u5802\u6240\u539f\u67093\u5904\uff08\u6e29\u5cad\u3001\u65b0\u6cb3\u3001\u5377\u6865\uff09\u3002\u66fe\u5728\u6e29\u5cad\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u795e\u7236\u6709\u59da\u5f25\u9ad8\u3001\u8096\u9038\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u6cb3\u7684\u6709\u5468\u5d07\u4e00\u3001\u7a0b\u884c\u53ef\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u4f2f\u3001\u59da\u5f25\u9ad8\u3001\u987e\u8c26\u3001\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e29\u5cad\u7c4d\u7559\u6cd5\u795e\u7236\u5d14\u660e\u5764\uff0c\u66fe\u4e8e1984\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u56de\u5bb6\u4e61\u4f1a\u6664\u6559\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e29\u5cad\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff1a\u57ce\u5173\u5802\u4e3a\u7f57\u5927\u5e74\uff0c\u677e\u95e8\u4e3a\u9648\u6587\u6f6e\u3001\u5468\u632f\u624d\uff0c\u6865\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5468\u5b66\u7965\uff0c\u5858\u4e0b\u4e3a\u9648\u4e91\u5ead\uff0c\u7267\u5c7f\u4e3a\u9ec4\u5408\u4e5d\uff0c\u5c99\u73af\u4e3a\u9648\u53ef\u660e\uff0c\u6e29\u897f\u4e3a\u5f90\u51a0\u5ead\uff0c\u5927\u6eaa\u4e3a\u8d75\u65af\u6db5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e29\u5cad\u57ce\u5173\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\uff0c\u4e3a\u5723\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u5802\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u5723\u58027\u95f4\uff0c\u795e\u7236\u697c9\u95f4\uff0c\u5e73\u623f8\u95f4\uff0c\u548c\u5927\u7247\u7a7a\u5730\u3002\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u65f6\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u88ab\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u5360\u7528\u3002\u6587\u9769\u540e\u6536\u56de\u795e\u7236\u697c\u548c\u5317\u9762\u62ab\u5c4b\u6570\u95f4\uff1b\u62ab\u5c4b\u73b0\u6539\u5efa\u4e3a\u53ef\u5bb9\u8fd1\u767e\u4eba\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5723\u5802\uff0c\u5730\u5904\u574a\u4e0b\u8857105\u53f7\uff0c\u5168\u5802\u533a\u7ea6\u6709\u6559\u53cb1020\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u623f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5c1a\u5728\u843d\u5b9e\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u65b0\u6cb3\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u7ea6\u4e8e\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081930\uff09\u5efa\u9020\u3002\u5206\u7537\u5802\u3001\u5973\u5802\uff1b\u7537\u5802\u6709\u5723\u5802\u3001\u949f\u697c\u3001\u795e\u7236\u697c\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u5ba4\u53ca\u4f4f\u623f\u7b49\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u795e\u7236\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u65e0\u4eba\u7ecf\u7ba1\u3002\u7537\u5802\u623f\u4ea7\u66fe\u7531\u623f\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u5356\u7ed9\u65b0\u6cb3\u536b\u751f\u9662\u30022004\u5e74\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u524d\u5168\u90e8\u5f52\u8fd8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e29\u5cad\u6e29\u897f\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u4e8e1999\u5e74\u5f52\u8fd8\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u5757\u573a\u5730\u548c\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u623f\u5c4b\u5c1a\u672a\u843d\u5b9e\u5f52\u8fd8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u677e\u95e8\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\uff0c1918\u5e74\u7531\u5f53\u5730\u5bcc\u5546\u5f90\u52a0\u8363\u5144\u5f1f\u4fe9\u51fa\u94b1\u8d2d\u5730\uff0c\u674e\u601d\u806a\u795e\u7236\u51fa\u8d44\u5174\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u5747\u88ab\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u4fb5\u5360\uff0c\u540e\u88ab\u6539\u4f5c\u5f71\u5267\u9662\u3002\u7ecf\u677e\u95e8\u6559\u53cb\u8fde\u5e74\u529b\u4e89\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u57282005\u5e744\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\uff0c\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5212\u62e810\u4f59\u4ea9\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u5f02\u5730\u5efa\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5927\u6eaa\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\uff0c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u5730\u65b9\u5355\u4f4d\u4fb5\u5360\u6539\u4f5c\u5b83\u7528\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u7531\u5b97\u6559\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8865\u507f\u5f02\u5730\u5efa\u5802\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u53d7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u571f\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u65b0\u5802\u4ec5\u4e09\u95f4\u697c\u623f\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9b\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u5341\u4eba\u8fc7\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u7bac\u6a2a\u6865\u4e0b\u7948\u7977\u6240\uff0c\u7ecf\u795e\u7236\u6559\u53cb\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5f52\u8fd8\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u7267\u5c7f\u5802\uff0c\u9ec4\u5408\u4e5d\u4ece\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081935-1940\uff09\u4efb\u9996\u4efb\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6559\u53cb\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u5341\u4eba\uff1b\u65e0\u5723\u5802\uff0c\u501f\u8857\u53e3\u6559\u53cb\u8521\u521a\u660e\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5802\u697c\u4e0a\u8fc7\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081936\uff09\uff0c\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\u4e3b\u6559\u9274\u4e8e\u7267\u5c7f\u6559\u53cb\u9aa4\u589e\uff0c\u62e8\u6b3e\u5728\u7267\u5c7f\u8857\u5357\u8d2d\u5730\u4e09\u4ea9\u4f59\uff0c\u5efa\u5802\u4e94\u95f4\u3001\u697c\u623f\u4e94\u95f4\u3001\u7076\u623f\u53ca\u5395\u6240\u5404\u4e8c\u95f4\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u56f4\u5899\uff0c\u573a\u5730\u5bbd\u5e7f\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u5c31\u6b64\u62d4\u5730\u800c\u8d77\u3002\u6155\u9053\u8981\u6c42\u9886\u6d17\u8005\u65e5\u589e\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u7531\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u5341\u4eba\u589e\u5230500\u4f59\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081940\uff09\u6559\u53cb\u603b\u6570\u8fbe800\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3a\u6e29\u5cad\u5802\u533a\u6559\u53cb\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5802\u53e3\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u9ec4\u5408\u4e5d\u8c03\u6e29\u897f\uff0c\u7531\u57ce\u5173\u7f57\u5927\u5e74\u7ee7\u4efb\u7267\u5c7f\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff0c\u6559\u52a1\u53d1\u5c55\u6ede\u7f13\u30021953\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6559\u52a1\u60c5\u51b5\u8870\u843d\u30021956\u5e74\uff0c\u4e61\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdb\u9a7b\u7267\u5c7f\u5802\uff0c\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u7f57\u5927\u5e74\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u7267\u5c7f\u5802\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e\u3002\u6587\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u5360\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u672a\u4e88\u843d\u5b9e\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u795e\u7236\u5728\u65e0\u5948\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u8ba9\u6559\u53cb\u8fc7\u4e0a\u6b63\u5e38\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u8857\u5916\u5c71\u811a\u76d6\u4e86\u4e09\u95f4\u7b80\u964b\u697c\u623f\uff0c\u6743\u4f5c\u6559\u53cb\u4e34\u65f6\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5858\u4e0b\u3001\u5c99\u6000\u4e8c\u5904\u7948\u7977\u6240, \u81f3\u4eca\u5747\u672a\u843d\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7389\u73af\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u7389\u73af\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u96cd\u6b63\u65f6\u8bbe\u5385\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u5143\u5e74\uff081912\uff09\u6539\u53bf\u5c5e\u6e29\u5dde\u5e9c\u30021962\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6539\u5c5e\u53f0\u5dde\u5730\u533a\uff1b\u5176\u6559\u52a1\u81ea1987\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u201c\u4e24\u4f1a\u201d\u5e38\u59d4\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u51b3\u5b9a\u5212\u5f52\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u7389\u73af\u53bf\uff0c\u6709\u6e2f\u5357\u3001\u6e2f\u5317\u4e4b\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e05\u540c\u6cbb\u516d\u5e74\uff081867\uff09\uff0c\u5085\u9053\u5b89\u795e\u7236\u66fe\u4ece\u6d77\u95e8\u6805\u6865\u5230\u695a\u95e8\u4e00\u5e26\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u540c\u6cbb\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081870\uff09\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u4e61\u4e0a\u9752\u5858\u6751\u6c11\u5230\u6805\u6865\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5b66\u4e60\u63a5\u53d7\u5723\u6559\u9053\u7406\u56de\u4e61\uff0c\u7531\u767d\u8863\u9053\u6539\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081872\uff098\u6708\uff0c\u9752\u5858\u80cc\u8bbe\u5723\u5802\uff0c\u81f3\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081876\uff09\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u903e\u767e\u4eba\u3002\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u81f3\u574e\u95e8\u9493\u825a\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f20\u81f3\u73af\u5c71\u9547\u3002\u6559\u53cb\u6e10\u589e\uff0c\u5e03\u53ca\u6559\u573a\u5934\uff08\u574e\u95e8\u9547\uff09\u3001\u9493\u825a\u3001\u8f66\u9996\u5934\uff08\u524d\u3001\u540e\u53f0\uff09\u3001\u57ce\u5357\u3001\u9752\u9a6c\u548c\u6c99\u9cdd\u7b49\u5730\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e03\u5e74\uff081918\uff09\uff0c\u4f20\u81f3\u53e4\u57ce\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u8764\u8813\u5c99\u3001\u5c0f\u53e4\u987a\u7b49\u5730\u76f8\u7ee7\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4f20\u5165\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u65e0\u4e13\u804c\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff0c\u7531\u6d77\u95e8\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u6cd5\u56fd\u795e\u7236\u9676\u7c7b\u601d\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e24\u6b21\u6765\u7389\u73af\uff0c\u4f5c\u201c\u5f00\u56db\u89c4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f00\u6069\u529f\u201d\u3002\u81f3\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081932\uff09\uff0c\u9493\u825a\u5cad\u5934\u5927\u6559\u5802\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u59cb\u4ece\u5916\u5730\u8c03\u5165\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u5386\u4e94\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081932\uff09\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u4eba\u4f59\u795e\u7236\u643a\u6b3e\u5230\u7389\u73af\uff0c\u5c06\u574e\u95e8\u9493\u825a\u5cad\u5934\u7948\u7977\u6240\u6269\u5efa\u5305\u62ec\u5723\u5802\u3001\u795e\u7236\u697c\u3001\u98df\u5802\u3001\u6808\u623f\u7b49\u516d\u5e62\u8ba1\u5927\u5c0f42\u95f41200\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u5360\u57304000\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u53bf600\u591a\u6559\u53cb\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u53e6\u4e00\u4f20\u8bf4\uff1a\u59cb\u4e8e\u6e05\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\uff081894\uff09\u5e74\uff0c\u7389\u73af\u6e05\u6e2f\u6709\u4eba\u5230\u6d77\u95e8\u6805\u6865\u542c\u9053\u6155\u9053\uff0c\u540e\u4f20\u5165\u6e05\u6e2f\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\uff081897\uff09\u5e74\uff0c\u674e\u601d\u806a\u5728\u6e05\u6e2f\u8bbe\u5802\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081925\uff09\u5ef6\u81f3\u695a\u95e8\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u695a\u95e8\u5317\u95e8\u7948\u7977\u6240\u4e5f\u5efa\u6210\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u9010\u6e10\u4f20\u5e03\u5230\u6df1\u6d66\u3001\u9694\u5cad\u4e00\u5e26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u89e3\u653e\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5168\u53bf\u6709\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u58022\u6240\uff0c\u7948\u7977\u62406\u5904\uff0c\u6559\u53cb600\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6587\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u6559\u53cb\u5728\u574e\u95e8\u6c11\u5b85\u8fc7\u4e3b\u65e5\u30021980\u5e74\uff0c\u574e\u95e8\u7b80\u6613\u7948\u7977\u6240\u5728\u6e38\u5b85\u5efa\u6210\uff1b\u798f\u5c71\u4e61\u4e0a\u9752\u5858\u3001\u9648\u5c7f\u3001\u4e0b\u671d\u9633\u3001\u5c0f\u53e4\u987a\u3001\u5c0f\u9ea6\u5c7f\u3001\u57ce\u5173\u51b7\u6c34\u6f6d\u3001\u6e05\u6e2f\u3001\u695a\u95e8\u5c0f\u5357\u95e8\u7b49\u5802\u70b9\u76f8\u7ee7\u6062\u590d\u6d3b\u52a8\u30021988\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u780d\u95e8\u7684\u9493\u825a\u5cad\u5934\u603b\u5802\u5f52\u8fd8\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u9646\u7eed\u5f52\u8fd8\u7684\u6709\u4e0a\u9752\u5858\uff0c\u9648\u5c7f\u7684\u5c0f\u9ea6\u5c7f\uff0c\u4e0b\u671d\u9633\uff0c\u6e05\u6e2f\u548c\u57ce\u5173\u4e1c\u95e8\u7684\u6559\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1988\u5e746\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u53cb\u5728\u6c60\u5bb6\u5802\u53ec\u5f00\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u7389\u73af\u53bf\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u9009\u9ec4\u5e0c\u660e\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u6c88\u4e09\u73e0\u3001\u6797\u6587\u8fbe\u3001\u80e1\u91cc\u9999\u4e3a\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u6768\u5c0f\u4fac\u4e3a\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\uff0c\u80e1\u5b66\u79c0\u3001\u91d1\u65b0\u94a6\u3001\u674e\u9999\u3001\u5b59\u663e\u5e7f\u4e3a\u59d4\u5458\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u6559\u53cb1260\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u540c\u5e7412\u670825\u65e5\uff0c300\u591a\u6559\u53cb\u76f8\u805a\u574e\u95e8\u9493\u825a\u5723\u5802\u6b22\u5ea6\u5723\u8bde\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1999\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u7389\u73af\u53ec\u5f00\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7389\u73af\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\uff1b\u4e3b\u4efb\u9ec4\u5e0c\u660e\uff0c\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u8c22\u5b50\u987a\u3001\u6797\u6587\u8fbe\u3001\u80e1\u91cc\u9999\uff0c\u987e\u95ee\u6c88\u4e09\u73e0\uff0c\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u5f20\u5e73\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u6c64\u6625\u5a25\u3001\u91d1\u589e\u96e8\u3001\u80e1\u5b66\u79c0\u3001\u5b59\u663e\u5e7f\u3002\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u524d\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u5b89\u6392\u795e\u7236\u4fee\u5973\u9a7b\u4f4f\u5728\u574e\u95e8\u9493\u825a\u5cad\u5934\u603b\u5802\uff0c\u6709900\u591a\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u5723\u8bde\u5e86\u795d\uff1b\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5168\u9762\u6062\u590d\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u5373\u7531\u6559\u53cb\u5949\u732e\u548c\u6559\u533a\u7b79\u6b3e\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u4e86\u574e\u95e8\u5802\u7684\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u5b85\u697c\uff0c\u548c\u7ffb\u65b0\u4e86\u57ce\u5173\u4e1c\u95e8\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u623f\u5c4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u7389\u73af\u603b\u5802\uff08\u65e0\u539f\u7f6a\u5723\u6bcd\u5802\uff09\u5730\u5740\u5728\u7389\u73af\u574e\u95e8\u5cad\u5934\u9ec4\u574e\u8def13\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u53f0\u5929\u4e3b\u5802  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e8e\u6e05\u5149\u7eea\u5eff\u56db\u5e74\uff081898\uff09\u4f20\u5165\u5929\u53f0\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081902\uff09\u95f4\uff0c\u59da\u5f25\u9ad8\u795e\u7236\u53d7\u4e34\u6d77\u6a0a\u56fd\u67f1\u795e\u7236\u59d4\u6258\u5230\u5929\u53f0\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u5173\u5999\u5c71\u5934\u5efa\u7acb\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081906\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5e26\u6a2a\u6751\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5143\u5e74\uff081912\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4ead\u5934\u6751\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u4e09\u5e74\uff081914\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u897f\u4e61\u71e5\u5ff1\u5e84\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u56db\u5e74\uff081915\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7ae0\u5bb6\u5c99\u3001\u4e0b\u5468\u4e24\u6751\u8bbe\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u4e94\u5e74\uff081916\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u671b\u706b\u697c\u53ca\u8d64\u5c71\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u8def\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081930\uff09\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u5149\u542f\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u7531\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081940\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5e73\u9547\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081943\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u724c\u95e8\u9648\u6751\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u5728\u5929\u53f0\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u795e\u7236\u7ee7\u4fde\u8c37\u58f0\u4e4b\u540e\u6709\u7a0b\u884c\u53ef\u3001\u8427\u9038\u4eba\u3001\u8521\u5b50\u7434\u3001\u5468\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7b49\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u524d\uff0c\u5168\u53bf\u6709\u6559\u58021\u6240\uff0c\u7948\u7977\u624012\u5904\u3002\u6587\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u672a\u6062\u590d\u30021954\u5e74\uff0c\u53bf\u5b97\u6559\u60c5\u51b5\u7edf\u8ba1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53cb214\u4eba\uff0c1958\u5e74\u4e3a105\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc7\u6b63\u5e38\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4ec552\u4eba\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u65e0\u4e00\u5904\u5f52\u8fd8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed9\u5c45\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081898\uff09\uff0c\u6d77\u95e8\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u795e\u7236\u674e\u601d\u806a\u66fe\u6d3e\u59d3\u4e8e\u7684\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff08\u8def\u6865\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u53c8\u8c03\u738b\u6b63\u56fd\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u6765\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u5185\u738b\u53f0\u95e8\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081902\uff09\uff0c\u59da\u5f25\u9ad8\u795e\u7236\u5230\u4ed9\u5c45\uff1b\u6c11\u56fd\u516b\u5e74\uff081919\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u5185\u4e70\u571f\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff09\uff0c\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\u4efb\u53f0\u5dde\u4e3b\u6559\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u529b\u6d0b\u3001\u571f\u7f8a\u3001\u76a4\u6ee9\u3001\u6a2a\u6eaa\u3001\u62b1\u5f04\u7b49\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\uff0c\u5e76\u6d3e\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u4e3b\u6301\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081930\uff09\uff0c\u6f58\u4e5f\u6e14\u795e\u7236\uff08\u9ec4\u5ca9\u4eba\uff09\u6765\u4ed9\u5c45\u4e3b\u6301\u6559\u52a1\uff0c\u91cd\u4fee\u6559\u5802\u53ca\u4f4f\u5b85\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u6aa0\u5149\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u57ce\u4e61\u6559\u53cb\u6765\u8fc7\u4e3b\u65e5\u7684\u670970\u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081933\uff09\uff0c\u6f58\u4e5f\u6e14\u5b83\u8c03\uff0c\u7531\u82cf\u91ca\u8499\u795e\u7236\uff08\u9ec4\u5ca9\u4eba\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u589e\u8bbe\u5916\u5b85\u3001\u4e0b\u5f20\u4e24\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081940\uff09\uff0c\u4e61\u95f4\u5404\u7948\u7977\u6240\u53ca\u6aa0\u5149\u5c0f\u5b66\u56e0\u7ecf\u8d39\u56f0\u96be\u505c\u529e\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081946\uff09\uff0c\u6797\u516c\u4f01\u3001\u6234\u654f\u751f\u4e24\u4f4d\u795e\u7236\u63a5\u4efb\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u6a2a\u6eaa\u3001\u76a4\u6ee9\u7948\u7977\u6240\u30021950\u5e74\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u53ca\u5404\u7948\u7977\u6240\u505c\u6b62\u6d3b\u52a8\u81f3\u4eca\u30021954\u5e74\uff0c\u53bf\u6863\u6848\u5b97\u6559\u60c5\u51b5\u7edf\u8ba1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53cb260\u4eba\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u65e0\u4e00\u5904\u5f52\u8fd8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u95e8\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e05\u54b8\u4e30\u5e74\u95f4\uff081851-1861\uff09\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7531\u5b81\u6d77\u4f20\u5165\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081929\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u6c99\u67f3\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u3002\u6559\u53cb\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u9022\u6559\u4f1a\u8282\u65e5\u6216\u4e3b\u65e5\u5c31\u8fd1\u53bb\u5b81\u6d77\u53bf\u57ce\u6559\u5802\u805a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6c99\u67f3\u6559\u5802\u5e74\u4e45\u7834\u65e7\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u5927\u4fee\u3002\u539f\u5148\u7ba1\u5802\u7684\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1e\u5973\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u7ae5\u4ed9\u5973\uff0c\u73b0\u4e3a\u6768\u671d\u89c1\u6559\u53cb\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5802\u5185\u5c45\u4f4f\u5916\u6559\u4eba\u5468\u745e\u6d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u8282<\/strong>     \u4e3d\u6c34\u6559\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7b80<\/strong>  \u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\uff09<\/strong>\u4f20\u5165\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u660e\u4e07\u5386\u56db\u5341\u5e74\uff081613\uff09\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u6797\u6590\u7406(\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba)\u795e\u7236\u548c\u77f3\u5b8f\u57fa(\u6fb3\u95e8\u4eba)\u4fee\u58eb\u66fe\u5230\u5904\u5dde(\u4eca\u4e3d\u6c34)\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6e05\u540c\u6cbb\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081874\uff09\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u51e0\u540d\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u5230\u9752\u7530\u548c\u4e3d\u6c34\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u4e24\u5730\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u6155\u9053\u3002\u540c\u5e747\u6708,\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\u548c\u9752\u7530\uff0c\u9996\u6279\u6155\u9053\u8005\u5230\u9ec4\u5ca9\u6805\u6865\u5b66\u4e60\u6559\u4f1a\u57fa\u672c\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u56de\u51e0\u672c\u7ecf\u4e66\u3002\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081875\uff095\u6708\uff0c\u5723\u795e\u964d\u4e34\u77bb\u793c\uff0c\u5f90\u5fd7\u4fee\u795e\u7236\u7ed9\u4ece\u6e29\u3001\u5904\u5230\u6805\u6865\u768426\u540d\u9752\u5e74\u6155\u9053\u8005\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u6d17\u793c\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff081876\uff09\uff0c\u5f90\u5230\u9752\u7530\u3001\u4e3d\u6c34\u3001\u4e91\u548c\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u77bb\u793c\uff0c20\u540d\u5904\u5dde\u6155\u9053\u8005\u5230\u6e29\u5dde\u9886\u53d7\u6d17\u793c\u3002\u8fd9\u5e74\uff0c\u6e29\u3001\u5904\u5df2\u6709300\u591a\u540d\u6559\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081877\uff09\uff0c\u9a6c\u5b97\u826f\u795e\u7236(1832\u20141894\uff0c\u6c5f\u9634\u4eba)\u5230\u5904\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u4e3d\u6c34\u65bd\u6d1723\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9752\u753019\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c344\u4eba\u3002\u90a3\u5e74\u7edf\u8ba1\u5904\u5dde\u5e9c\u5df2\u670951\u540d\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9752\u753039\u540d\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c344\u540d\uff0c\u4e91\u548c1\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e03\u81f3\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081891\u20141893\uff09\u95f4\uff0c\u539f\u5c5e\u6e29\u5dde\u672c\u5802\u533a\u7684\u5904\u5dde\u6559\u4f1a\u5212\u5f52\u8862\u5dde\u672c\u5802\u533a\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u8862\u5dde\u603b\u672c\u5802\u662f\u548c\u5b89\u5f53\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u4ed6\u7387\u9886\u66fe\u6587\u6797\u3001\u8521\u5949\u748b2\u4f4d\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u53ca\u8521\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5230\u91d1\u534e\u3001\u4e3d\u6c34\u957f\u4f4f\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u8fbe2\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u5230\u4e3d\u6c34\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e5d\u9f99\uff0c\u5e76\u5b89\u6392\u738b\u6069\u5174(1855\u20141908\uff0c\u9ec4\u5ca9\u4eba)\u548c\u9648\u5b50\u611a2\u4f4d\u795e\u7236\u5e38\u6765\u91d1\u534e\u3001\u4e3d\u6c342\u5730\uff0c\u5230\u5434\u5729\u3001\u9752\u7530\u3001\u7f19\u4e91\u3001\u4e91\u548c\u3001\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081892\uff09\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\u79df\u6709\u623f\u5b50\u4f5c  \u5c0f\u5802\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e5d\u9f99\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u571f\u5730\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u5723\u5802\u548c\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\uff0c\u662f\u4e3d\u6c34\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5434\u5729\u6155\u9053\u8005\u53d1\u5c55\u5230500\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5411\u6559\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u7269\u8d28\u65bd\u820d\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u9886\u6d1730\u540d\u30022\u540d\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u548c\u8521\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u8bb2\u89e3\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u4f20\u6388\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u79ef\u6781\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u679c\u663e\u8457\u3002\u79bb\u4e5d\u9f9930\u91cc\u5730\u7684\u5927\u6e2f\u5934\u4e5f\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u7f19\u4e91\u6709\u51e0\u540d\u8036\u7a23\u6559\u5f92\u6539\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\u670910\u591a\u540d\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u79bb\u57ce5\u91cc\u5904\u67094\u5bb6\u6155\u9053\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081899\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u5e62\u65e7\u623f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5f53\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u6cd5\u7c4d\u51af\u70c8\u9e3f\u795e\u7236\u4ece\u6e29\u5dde\u5230\u4e3d\u6c34\u63a2\u671b\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4fe1\u4e2d\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5728\u4e00\u5e62\u7834\u65e7\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u63a5\u5f85\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u6765\u540d\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u5341\u6765\u540d\u6155\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e03\u4eba\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u6d17\u793c\u3002\u201d\u67f4\u76ae\u548c\u8427\u5bb6\u6e21\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u5728\u67f4\u76ae\u6709\u59d3\u9ebb\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u4fe9\u628a\u5385\u5802\u8ba9\u51fa\u505a\u7948\u7977\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u8427\u5bb6\u6e21\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u53cb\u6350\u6b3e\u65b0\u5efa\u4e861\u5ea7 \u5c0f\u5802\u3002\u8fd9\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4ece\u6e29\u5dde\u6d3e\u6765\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff0c1\u540d\u4f4f\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\uff0c\u53e61\u540d\u4f4f\u8427\u5bb6\u6e21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081900\uff09\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u9752\u7530\u3001\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\uff0c\u4e5d\u9f99\u548c\u677e\u96334\u4e2a\u7948\u7977\u6240\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f90\u8f85\u8d24\u795e\u7236(1872\u20141935\uff0c\u6805\u6865\u4eba)\uff0c\u5728\u6e29\u5dde\u57f9\u8bad\u4e8617\u540d\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\u548c\u9752\u7530\u54041\u540d\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u5218\u6000\u5fb7\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u5728\u9752\u7530\u65b0\u5efa1\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5728\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\u4e5f\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081902\uff091\u6708\u8d34\u51fa\u300a\u6d59\u6c5f\u6e29\u5904\u9053\u738b\u89c2\u5bdf\u544a\u793a\u300b\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u751f\u6c11\u6d82\u70ad\uff0c\u503e\u5bb6\u8361\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e0c\u4e0d\u518d\u917f\u8845\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u201c\u6559\u58eb\u6765\u534e\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u4ee5\u529d\u4eba\u5411\u5584\u4e3a\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u672c\u65e0\u635f\u4e8e\u5c14\u6c11\u201d\u7b49\u8bed\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u51af\u70c8\u9e3f\u53c8\u5728\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\u6559\u4f1a\u65e7\u623f\u76f8\u90bb\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e861\u5757\u571f\u5730\u548c1\u5e62\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u5efa\u8427\u5bb6\u6e21\u5c0f\u5802\u30026\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u6c88\u82e5\u7ff0\u795e\u7236\u76d1\u9020\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5185\u65b0\u5802\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u8d392000\u94f6\u5143\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081903\uff09\uff0c\u6234\u601d\u7eb6\u795e\u7236\u5230\u6e29\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5e38\u6765\u5904\u5dde\u4e00\u5e26\u4e3e\u884c\u5723\u4e8b\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u6234\u517c\u4efb\u4e3d\u6c34\u672c\u5802\uff0c\u5728\u677e\u9633\u65bd\u6d1714\u4eba\uff0c\u9042\u660c11\u4eba\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e73\u3001\u4e91\u548c\u3001\u5e86\u5143\u90fd\u6709\u6155\u9053\uff0c\u767d\u5ca9\u6709\u6155\u9053300\u540d\uff0c\u7f19\u4e91100\u591a\u540d\uff0c\u9f99\u6cc9400\u591a\u540d\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081905\uff09\uff0c\u9752\u7530\u57ce\u5185\u5c0f\u5802\u88ab\u70e7\u6bc1\uff0c\u6234\u4e8e11\u6708\u5728\u9752\u7530\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e00\u5757\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u65b0\u623f\u4e94\u95f4\uff0c\u6731\u5751(\u8bd1\u97f3)\u3001\u5927\u8def\u4e5f\u8bbe\u7acb\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u7c4d\u82cf\u82e5\u671b\u795e\u7236\u6765\u4e3d\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081907\uff09\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u53d1\u751f\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\uff0c\u57ce\u5185\u6709230\u6237\u88ab\u6d2a\u6c34\u51b2\u8d70\uff0c3219\u6237\u96be\u6c11\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u9644\u5c5e\u5efa\u7b51\u53ca\u56f4\u5899\u88ab\u51b2\u584c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u4f1a\u623f\u5c4b\u548c\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\u65e0\u5927\u635f\u5931\u3002\u51af\u70c8\u9e3f\u53c2\u52a0\u5730\u65b9\u8d48\u707e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c11\u6708\uff0c\u5230\u4e3d\u6c34\u3001\u9752\u7530300\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u53d1\u653e\u4e864.5\u4e07\u888b\u9762\u7c89\u548c1.1\u4e07\u94f6\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u5e74\uff0c\u5904\u5dde\u6709\u6559\u53cb700\u540d\uff0c\u6155\u9053900\u4f59\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5ba3\u7edf\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081910\uff09\uff0c\u6234\u601d\u7eb6\u8c03\u5f80\u8862\u5dde\u4efb\u603b\u672c\u5802\u3002\u9a6c\u798f\u826f( 1878\u20141940\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba)\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u4e3d\u6c34\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081913\uff09\uff0c\u82cf\u82e5\u671b\u795e\u7236\u4efb\u4e3d\u6c34\u672c\u5802\uff0c\u7740\u624b\u5efa\u9020\u8036\u7a23\u5723\u5fc3\u5802\uff0c\u516b\u5e74\uff081919\uff09\u7ae3\u5de5\u300211\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u9996\u77bb\u793c\u516d\uff0c\u4e3e\u884c\u5f00\u5802\u5178\u793c\uff0c\u7531\u6e29\u5dde\u603b\u672c\u5802\u9a6c\u798f\u826f\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u6797\u82b3\u8c37\u795e\u7236(1882\u20141927\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba)\u548c\u90ce\u6811\u671b\u795e\u7236(1883\u4e00?\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba)\u524d\u6765\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c  \u4efb\u5927\u793c\u5f25\u6492\u4e94\u516d\u54c1\uff0c\u526f\u672c\u5802\u80e1\u4fdd\u7984\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e3d\u6c34\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f00\u6559\u53f2\uff0c\u5e76\u5f39\u98ce\u7434\u6307\u6325\u5531\u7ecf\u73ed\uff0c\u672c\u5802\u82cf\u82e5\u671b\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a5\u5f85\u3002\u524d\u6765\u53c2\u52a0\u5178\u793c\u7684\u6765\u5bbe\u6709\u5f53\u5730\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u7ec5\u58eb\u3001\u6821\u957f\u7b4920\u4f59\u4eba\uff0c\u677e\u9633\u3001\u78a7\u6e56\u3001\u4e5d\u9f99\u3001\u9752\u7530\u3001\u767d\u5ca9\u3001\u5927\u8def\u7b49\u5730\u6559\u53cb\u4ea6\u524d\u6765\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u7ea6400\u4eba\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\u70ed\u95f9\u7684\u6559\u5916\u4eba\uff0c\u5723\u5802\u5185\u6324\u5f97\u6c34\u6cc4\u4e0d\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081922\uff099\u6708\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u53c8\u906d\u53d7\u6d2a\u6c34\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u82cf\u82e5\u671b\u548c\u526f\u672c\u5802\u65b9\u90fd\u8c1f(\u53f0\u5dde\u6d77\u95e8\u4eba)\u795e\u7236\u5728\u4e3d\u6c34\uff0c\u6d2a\u6c34\u6d8c\u5165\u6559\u5802\uff0c2\u4eba\u907f\u5230\u697c\u4e0a\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u72c2\u98ce\u66b4\u96e8\u4e0d\u6b62\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7247\u6c6a\u6d0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u6025\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u636e\u82cf\u82e5\u671b\u62a5\u9053\uff1a\u4e3d\u6c34\u88ab\u6d2a\u6c34\u6df9\u6b7b12500\u4eba\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u8fbe12\u4e07\uff0c\u6751\u5e84\u88ab\u6bc1250\u4e2a\uff0c\u51b2\u8d70\u623f\u5c4b5500\u5e62\u3002\u9752\u7530\u7684\u5723\u5802\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u5bb6\u5177\u5728\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e2d\u88ab\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u65af\u52a0\u6ce2\u7f57\u5916\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4eba\u6a0a\u56fd\u67f1\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081902\uff0912\u6708\u62b5\u8fbe\u5b81\u6ce2\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5230\u6d59\u6c5f\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5165\u4f1a\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3002\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u4f20\u65598\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8c03\u5230\u53f0\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\u5efa\u58025\u5e74\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5efa\u9020\u4e3d\u6c34\u8036\u7a23\u5723\u5fc3\u5802\uff0c\u6350\u51fa\u4e00\u7b14\u5de8\u6b3e\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081925\uff09\uff0c\u7ecf\u6a0a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f20\u4fe1\u90e8\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u4e3d\u6c34\u5730\u533a\u5212\u4f5c\u8be5\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u533a\u57df\u3002\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff091\u6708\uff0c\u6a0a\u7387\u8428\u52d2\u548c\u6155\u7406\u677e2\u4f4d\u65af\u52a0\u6ce2\u7f57\u4f1a\u795e\u7236\u6765\u4e3d\u6c34\u3002\u540c\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u51ef\u5229\u3001\u6587\u5b9c\u5b9c\u548c\u91d1\u5f22(\u53f0\u5dde\u5927\u77f3\u4eba)\u4ece\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u524d\u6765\u4e3d\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong>\u6210\u7acb\u76d1\u7267\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff081931\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e3d\u6c34\u76d1\u7267\u533a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u5723\u5802\u53ca\u7948\u7977\u624029  \u5904\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u96643\u5904\u4e3a\u79df\u7528\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u90fd\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u6559\u53cb2245\u4eba\u3002\u6b21\u5e744\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u9a6c\u5a01\u5ec9\uff08\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c31\u4efb\u4e3d\u6c34\u76d1\u7267\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u6a0a\u56fd\u67f1\u5230\u91d1\u534e\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081933\uff09\u6a0a\u9080\u52a0\u7c4d\u65e0\u539f\u7f6a\u4fee\u5973\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\u5230\u4e3d\u6c34\u5f00\u529e\u5723\u5fc3\u533b\u9662\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081935\u20141936\uff09\uff0c\u6a0a\u51fa\u8d44\u5728\u5170\u6eaa\u3001\u6d66\u6c5f\u57ce\u5185\u3001\u6bdb\u5e97\uff1b\u6c64\u6eaa\u90b5\u5bb6\u3001\u6c38\u5eb7\u5c0f\u7a96\u6731\u7b49\u5730\u5efa\u9020\u5723\u5802\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081939\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06\u91d1\u534e\u5730\u533a\u4ece\u676d\u5dde\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u5212\u5f52\u4e3d\u6c34\u76d1\u7267\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff081941\uff09\u6559\u52a1\u7edf\u8ba1\uff1a(\u5305\u62ec\u91d1\u534e\u5730\u533a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6559\u53cb\uff1a6250\u4eba             \u795e\u7236\uff1a\u5916\u7c4d\uff0c38\u4eba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6155\u9053\uff1a1182\u4eba              \u795e\u7236\uff1a\u56fd\u7c4d\uff0c6\u4eba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5802\u53e3\uff1a13\u5904                  \u4fee\u5973\uff1a\u5916\u7c4d\uff0c9\u4eba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5723\u5802\uff1a11\u5ea7                  \u5c0f\u5b66(\u5b8c\u5c0f)\uff1a3\u6240<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u7948\u7977\u6240\uff1a55\u5904              \u7ecf\u8a00\u5b66\u6821\uff1a11\u6240<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u540e\u9a6c\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c14\u767b\u4efb\u4ee3\u76d1\u7267\u3002\u4e3d\u6c34\u3001\u9752\u7530\u3001\u5927\u8def\u3001\u9ec4\u575b\u3001\u9f99\u6cc9\u3001\u677e\u9633\u3001\u78a7\u6e56\u90fd\u4f4f\u6709\u8be5\u4f1a\u52a0\u7c4d\u795e\u7236\u8fd120\u4eba\u3002\u65e5\u519b\u5165\u4fb5\u6d59\u6c5f\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u52a0\u7c4d\u8303\u56fd\u660c\u795e\u7236\u7559\u5728\u9f99\u6cc9\u516b\u90fd\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u52a0\u7c4d\u795e\u7236\u4fee\u5973\u5168\u90e8\u64a4\u56de\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74(1946)\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6062\u590d\u5404\u5730\u6559\u5802\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e3d\u6c34\u5404\u5802\u53ca\u91d1\u534e\u3001\u5170\u6eaa\u3001\u6c64\u6eaa\u3001\u6c38\u5eb7\u3001\u6b66\u4e49\u3001\u4e1c\u9633\u3001\u4e49\u4e4c\u3001\u6d66\u6c5f\uff0c\u5747\u4f4f\u6709\u795e\u7236\u3002   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\uff09<\/strong>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e3d\u6c34\u6559\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081947\uff09\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u76d1\u7267\u533a\u6539\u4e3a\u4e3d\u6c34\u6559\u533a\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u7c4d\u8c2d\u5c14\u9f10\u9009\u4efb\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u540c\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u8c2d\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53d7\u4e3b\u6559\u795d\u5723\u793c\uff1b9\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u56de\u4e3d\u6c34\uff0c\u59d4\u8303\u56fd\u660c\u4efb\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u3001\u9f99\u6cc9\u8bbe\u533b\u9662\u54041\u6240\uff0c\u9752\u7530\u3001\u91d1\u534e\u4e24\u5730\u8bbe\u65bd\u8bca\u6240\uff0c\u7531\u52a0\u7c4d\u4fee\u5973\u4e3b\u6301\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u529e\u6709\u5c0f\u5b663\u6240\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u5802\u51e1\u6709\u795e\u7236\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u5c0f\u578b\u65bd\u8bca\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1949\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u89e3\u653e\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5916\u8d44\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65ad\u7edd\uff0c\u9760\u5916\u6c47\u5ea6\u65e5\u7684\u52a0\u7c4d\u795e\u7236\u3001\u4fee\u5973\u5148\u540e\u7533\u8bf7\u56de\u56fd\u30021954\u5e743\u6708\u8303\u56fd\u660c\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\uff0c\u76f8\u7ee7\u8c2d\u5c14\u9f10\u4e3b\u6559\u4ea6\u4e8e\u540c\u5e74\u8fd4\u56de\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u4e3d\u6c34\u6559\u5802\u795e\u7236\u697c\u548c\u9644\u5c5e\u7528\u623f\u3001\u9662\u5730\u5168\u5e76\u5165\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u6539\u79f0\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5173\u9547\u4e2d\u5b66\u30021956\u5e74\u62e8\u8fd8\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\u4e24\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea6100\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u4f5c\u9ec4\u80dc\u767d\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u6240\uff0c\u697c\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e34\u65f6\u5723\u5802\u3002\u9752\u7530\u5f90\u9e23\u91ce\u795e\u7236\u53bb\u6e29\u5dde\uff0c\u91d1\u5f22\u795e\u7236\u5230\u9752\u7530\u5802\uff0c\u6c38\u5eb7\u672c\u5802\u5085\u80dc\u53bb\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u90ed\u6155\u5929\u4ece\u4e1c\u9633\u8fc1\u5c45\u91d1\u534e\u30021957\u5e74\uff0c\u91d1\u5f22\u5728\u9752\u7530\u75c5\u901d\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u795e\u7236\u3001\u4fee\u5973\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5404\u5802\u6d3b\u52a8\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u6587\u9769\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u6559\u5802\u79fb\u4f5c\u5b83\u7528\u3002\u6587\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u6062\u590d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u3001\u78a7\u6e56\u3001\u9752\u7530\u3001\u9f99\u6cc9\u5148\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u7231\u56fd\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u57ce\u5173\u9547\u63a8\u91d1\u57f9\u9274\u4e3a\u7b79\u5907\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7ec4\u957f\u30021987\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u5730\u533a\u6559\u52a1\u5212\u5f52\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u91d1\u534e\u5730\u533a\u5212\u5f52\u676d\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u55e3\u540e\uff0c\u83ab\u6b63\u5ec9\uff08\u4e3d\u6c34\u4eba\uff09\u795e\u7236\u5e38\u9a7b\u9752\u7530\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u4e3d\u6c34\u5404\u5802\u6559\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5802<\/strong>  \u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3d\u6c34\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u540c\u6cbb\u5341\u4e09\u5e74(1874)\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u5173\u6dee\u6d77\u7960\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7948\u7977\u6240\uff0c\u540e\u8fc1\u5c0f\u9c81\u8857\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u589e\u81f3100\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081899\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u7337\u8857\u8d2d\u5165\u9662\u5730\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u65e7\u623f\u4e00\u5e62\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e34\u65f6\u6559\u5802\u548c\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081913\uff09\uff0c\u65f6\u5728\u53f0\u5dde\u7684\u8303\u56fd\u67f1\u628a\u540c\u5904\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u82cf\u82e5\u671b\u6d3e\u6765\u4e3d\u6c34\u3002\u516b\u5e74\uff081919\uff09\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u65e5\u589e\uff0c\u82cf\u7740\u624b\u5efa\u9020\u5927\u5802\uff0c\u83b7\u6a0a\u5de8\u6b3e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5360\u5730\u7ea6800\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u3001\u7ea6\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb31000\u6559\u53cb\u7684\u54e5\u7279\u5f0f\u8036\u7a23\u5723\u5fc3\u5927\u5802\u843d\u6210\uff0c\u8fd8\u9644\u6709\u949f\u697c\u548c\u66f4\u8863\u6240\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u8d77\u795e\u7236\u697c\u3001\u53a8\u623f\u3001\u6559\u53cb\u4f1a\u8bae\u5ba4\u7b49\u3002\u5341\u5e74\uff081921\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u5efa\u4e00\u5ea7\u6c42\u662f\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u623f\u5c4b\u9762\u79ef5\u4e07\u4f59\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081937\uff09\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u5d07\u771f\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081933\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u5efa\u4e00\u5ea7\u5723\u5fc3\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u6559\u5802\u3001\u795e\u7236\u697c\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u7b49\u5360\u5730\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a9328\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5904\u4e8e\u5927\u7337\u8857\u5357\u5317\u4e24\u4fa7\u30021952\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5723\u5802\u3001\u795e\u7236\u697c\u7b49\u5e76\u5165\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u6539\u4e3a\u4e3d\u6c34\u5e02\u5de5\u5177\u5382\u3002\u76f4\u81f31956\u5e74\uff0c\u62e8\u8fd8\u539f\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f2\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea6100\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u4f5c\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u548c\u9ec4\u80dc\u767d\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u6240\u3002\u6587\u9769\u65f6\u9ec4\u56de\u8001\u5bb6\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u540e\u518d\u4f4f\u5165\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5723\u5802\u88ab\u62c6\u9664\u30021986\u5e74\uff0c\u9ec4\u80dc\u767d\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u7531\u57ce\u5173\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9752\u7530\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u9752\u7530\u53bf\u9e64\u57ce\u9547\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5efa\u4e8e\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081900\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u6cd5\u7c4d\u5218\u6000\u5fb7\u795e\u7236\u5efa\u9020\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081905\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u706b\u70e7\u6bc1\u3002\u5f53\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u6cd5\u7c4d\u6234\u601d\u7eb6\u795e\u7236\u5728\u5b9d\u5e62\u8857\u8d2d\u4e70\u571f\u5730\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u65b0\u623f5\u95f4\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081922\uff09\u95f4\uff0c\u5723\u5802\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u5bb6\u5177\u7b49\u5168\u88ab\u6d2a\u6c34\u51b2\u6bc1\u3002\u7ecf\u9010\u5e74\u4fee\u5efa\u548c\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u65f6\u5802\u533a\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a1.773\u4ea9\uff0c\u6298\u8ba11182\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u3002\u5df2\u5efa\u6709\u4e8c\u5c42\u697c\u7684\u6559\u58021\u5ea7\u3001\u4e8c\u5c42\u697c\u7684\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\u548c\u4fee\u5973\u4f4f\u623f\u54041\u5ea7\u3002\u5408\u8ba1\u5efa\u7b51\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a813\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u5360\u5730\u4e8c\u4ea9\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u82b1\u56ed\u548c\u83dc\u5730\u7b490\uff0e554\u4ea9\uff0c\u6298\u8ba1369\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u7b51\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u3002\u636e\u8bb0\u8f7d\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081939\uff09, \u8fd8\u66fe\u5f00\u529e\u5d07\u771f\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5230\u4efb\u672c\u5802\u7684\u795e\u7236\u6709\uff1a\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081932\uff092\u6708\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u5e08\u6677\uff0c\u52a0\u7c4d\u6bdb\u6587\u5f6c\u3002\u540c\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u52a0\u7c4d\u8a79\u5148\u5fb7\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081937\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u7c4d\u5218\u94ce\u3001\u5b59\u6587\u9b41\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u5f90\u53e4\u5b5f\u3001\u5e72\u9ad8\u8fea\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081940\uff091\u6708\uff0c\u859b\u4ec1\u5c71\u3001\u6731\u5929\u5ba0\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff081941\uff09\uff0c\u6c5f\u955c\u5982\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081948\uff09\uff0c\u4e91\u548c\u4eba\u5f90\u9e23\u91ce\u30021956\u5e74\u91d1\u5f22\u30021999\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u83ab\u6b63\u5ec9\u30022004\u5e74\uff0c\u79fb\u5730\u53e6\u5efa\u65b0\u5802\u3001\u795e\u7236\u697c\u548c\u656c\u8001\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5176\u5b83\u672c\u5802\u533a\u6709\uff1a\u9f99\u6cc9\u3001\u78a7\u6e56\u3001\u677e\u9633\u3001\u7f19\u4e91\u3001\u4e91\u548c\u3001\u5927\u8def\u3001\u9ec4\u575b\u3001\u767d\u5ca9\u7b49\u3002\u5c1a\u6709\u9042\u660c\u3001\u5e86\u5143\u3001\u666f\u5b81\u3001\u5ba3\u5e73\u56db\u53bf\u65e0\u6559\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u8282<\/strong>     \u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7b80<\/strong> \u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\uff09<\/strong>\u4f20\u5165\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u300a\u5143\u5178\u7ae0\u300b33\u537714\u9875\u8f7d\uff0c\u5143\u5927\u5fb7\u516b\u5e74(1304)\uff0c\u201c\u6e29\u5dde\u8def\u6709\u4e5f\u91cc\u53ef\u6e29\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u638c\u6559\u53f8\u8859\u95e8\uff0c\u62db\u6536\u6c11\u6237\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u672c\u6559\u6237\u8ba1(\u7c4d)\u3002\u201d\u5143\u672b\u5931\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u591a\u660e\u6211\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9ece\u7389\u8303(\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\uff0c1547\u20141644)\u7531\u798f\u5efa\u798f\u5b89\u6765\u6e29\u5e03\u9053\uff0c\u4f20\u79f0\u66fe\u5728\u865e\u5e08\u91cc\u8bbe\u5802\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u56e0\u62a8\u51fb\u796d\u7956\u6c11\u4fd7\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u88ab\u5b98\u5e9c\u62bc\u9001\u79bb\u5883\u3002\u5eb7\u7199\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74(1696)\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u30021700\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece\u5916\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u58eb\u6734\u52d2\u739b\u5728\u6e29\u3002\u540e\u56e0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u796d\u7956\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u548c\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u516c\u5f00\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u8bcf\u4ee4\u9a71\u9010\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e25\u7981\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u6559\u52a1\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u56db\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081718\uff09\u544a\u8f8d\u3002   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e05\u540c\u6cbb\u516d\u5e74\uff081867\uff09\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u5085\u9053\u5b89\u795e\u7236\u8d74\u53f0\u5dde\u6805\u6865\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u540c\u6cbb\u4e03\u5e74\uff081869\uff09\uff0c\u4e50\u6e05\u91cc\u5c99\u7684\u9648\u5e0c\u6797\u548c\u9648\u8302\u5e86\u5165\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u91cc\u5c99\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5802\u70b9\u3002\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081873\uff09\uff0c\u6805\u6865\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u672c\u5802\u795e\u7236(\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3b\u4efb\u53f8\u94ce)\u5f90\u5fd7\u4fee\u66fe\u6d3e\u4f20\u9053\u54582\u4eba\u6765\u6e29\uff0c\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e0\u4e3a\u6559\u5f92(\u767d\u83b2\u6559\u5206\u652f)\u6240\u95fb\u6089\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1874\u5e74\u590f\u6d3e\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868\u5f80\u6805\u6865\uff0c\u8bd5\u6c42\u5165\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u6e29\u5dde\u9996\u6279\u6155\u9053\u3002\u540c\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u6805\u6865\u5802\u9a6c\u5b97\u826f\u795e\u7236\u6765\u6e29\u770b\u671b\u6155\u9053\uff0c\u4e3a30\u591a\u4f4d\u798f\u5efa\u8001\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e34\u65f6\u6d3b\u52a8\u70b9\u4e8e\u57ce\u5357\u82b1\u67f3\u5858\u5df7\uff0c\u5e76\u6d3e\u4e86\u821f\u5c71\u4eba\u987e\u7389\u5c97\u4e3a\u9a7b\u6e29\u9996\u4efb\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u3002\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081875\uff09\u6625\uff0c\u9a6c\u518d\u6b21\u6765\u6e29\uff0c\u7ed926\u540d\u6155\u9053\u8005\u65bd\u884c\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u65e7\u90e8\u65bd\u9e3f\u9ccc\u548c\u65e0\u4e3a\u6559\u5f92\u6f58\u6c5d\u6210\u7b49\u53d7\u6d17\u5165\u6559\uff0c\u4f7f\u6e29\u3001\u5904\u4e24\u5e9c\u6559\u53cb\u589e\u81f3320\u4eba\uff0c\u6155\u9053100\u4f59\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081876\uff0911\u6708\uff0c\u6805\u6865\u672c\u5802\u5f90\u5fd7\u4fee\u966a\u540c\u82cf\u51e4\u6587\u4e3b\u6559\u6765\u6e29\uff0c\u4e70\u4e0b\u5468\u5b85\u7960\u5df7\u5468\u5e86\u59b9\u7684\u4e09\u8fdb30\u95f4\u8c6a\u95e8\u7956\u5c4b\uff0c\u5c06\u82b1\u67f3\u5858\u6d3b\u52a8\u70b9\u8fc1\u6b64\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u540c\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u65b0\u6765\u534e\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u8463\u589e\u5fb7(\u610f\u7c4d)\u5e38\u9a7b\u6e29\u57ce\uff0c\u4f5c\u6805\u6865\u5802\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u5f00\u62d3\u6e29\u3001\u5904\u4e24\u5e9c\u6559\u52a1\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081891\uff09\u8c03\u5f80\u5b9a\u6d77\u3002   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u516d\u5e74\uff081880\uff0912\u6708\uff0c\u6e29\u5802\u4ece\u6805\u6865\u5802\u533a\u5212\u51fa\uff0c\u53e6\u6210\u672c\u5802\u533a\uff0c\u9a7b\u795e\u72362\u4eba\uff0c\u6559\u53cb420\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u529e\u4e86\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u548c\u4e66\u9662(\u7ecf\u8a00\u5b66\u6821)\u3002\u6e29\u5802\u9996\u4efb\u526f\u672c\u5802\u987e\u5b9d\u6cd5\u795e\u7236\uff08\u5e73\u6e56\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u5e74\u521d\u6765\u6e29\uff0c\u7fcc\u5e74\u590f\u79bb\u53bb\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u6765\u6e29\u795e\u7236\u5148\u540e\u6709\u9648\u5b50\u611a(1882\u20141884\u5e74)\u3001\u738b\u6069\u5174(1884\u20141885\u5e74)\u3001\u5085\u8c8c\u7984(1885\u20141891\u5e74)\u7b49\u3002\u5386\u4efb\u672c\u5802\u795e\u7236\u6709\u8463\u589e\u5fb7(1880\u20141891\u5e74)\u3001\u5218\u6000\u5fb7(1891\u20141902\u5e74)\u3001\u51af\u70c8\u9e3f(1902\u20141928\u5e74)\u3001\u90ce\u5112\u671b(1928\u20141934\u5e74\u4ee3\u7406)\u3001\u987e\u4fdd\u7984(1934\u20141944\u5e74)\u3001\u82cf\u5e0c\u8fbe(1944\u20141948\u5e74)\u3001\u90d1\u6d4e\u6c11(1948\u20141951\u5e74)\u3001\u738b\u76ca\u9a8f(1952\u4e001955\u5e74)\u3001\u8521\u53d4\u6bc5(1955\u20141958\u5e74)\u3001\u65b9\u5fd7\u521a(1958\u20141966\u5e74\uff0c\u517c)\u30021981\u5e7412\u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u8521\u53d4\u6bc5\u4efb\u5e02\u533a\u6559\u52a1\u5c0f\u7ec4\u957f\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u6731\u7ef4\u82b3\u795e\u7236\u4efb\u6559\u533a\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09<\/strong>\u5404\u5802\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081903\uff09\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u5347\u4e3a\u603b\u5802\u533a\uff0c\u7531\u6e29\u5dde\u672c\u5802\u795e\u7236\u517c\u4efb\u603b\u672c\u5802\u3002\u8ba1\u6709\u51af\u70c8\u9e3f(1903\u20141928\u5e74)\u3001\u90ce\u5112\u671b(1928\u20141934\u5e74\u4ee3\u7406)\u3001\u987e\u5fd7\u5fb7(1934\u20141944\u5e74)\u3001\u82cf\u5e0c\u8fbe(1944\u20141949\u5e74)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u9053\u5149\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081905\uff09\uff0c\u6234\u601d\u7eb6\u795e\u7236\u9a7b\u5904\u5dde\u3002\u5ba3\u7edf\u5143\u5e74\uff081909\uff09\uff0c\u5904\u5dde\u6210\u7acb\u672c\u5802\u533a\uff0c\u6234\u4efb\u672c\u5802\u30021910\u5e74\uff0c\u6d59\u897f\u6559\u533a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6234\u8c03\u4efb\u8862\u5dde\u672c\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5ba3\u7edf\u4e09\u5e74\uff081911\uff09\uff0c\u8bbe\u5e73\u9633\u672c\u5802\u533a\uff0c\u517c\u7ba1\u745e\u5b89\u6559\u52a1\u3002\u9996\u4efb\u672c\u5802\u795e\u7236\u82cf\u82e5\u671b(\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c1880\u20141924)\uff0c\u526f\u672c\u5802\u4e3a\u56fd\u7c4d\u795e\u7236\u5218\u6c49\u81e3(\u5b81\u6d77\u4eba\uff0c1880\u20141936)\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u516d\u5e74\uff081917\uff09\uff0c\u6c38\u5f3a\u6d3e\u9a7b\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9a6c\u798f\u826f\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff09\u517c\u7ba1\u4e50\u6e05\u6559\u52a1\u30023\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5347\u4e3a\u672c\u5802\u533a\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e3a\u672c\u5802\uff0c\u56fd\u7c4d\u795e\u7236\u5f20\u8d8a\u81e3\u4efb\u526f\u672c\u5802\u3002\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff09\uff0c\u7389\u73af\u6559\u52a1\u5e76\u5165\u6e29\u5dde\u603b\u5802\u533a\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u533a\u6559\u53cb\u8fbe26018\u4eba\u3002\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081927\uff09\uff0c\u5904\u5dde\u5212\u8bbe\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u795e\u7236\u4f20\u6559\u533a\u3002\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u5904\u5dde\u6559\u53cb2300\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081928\uff09\uff0c\u4e50\u6e05\u8679\u6865\u548c\u6c38\u5609\u67ab\u6797\u5206\u8bbe\u672c\u5802\u533a\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081930\uff09\u745e\u5b89\u4e1c\u95e8\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081932\uff09\u82cd\u5357\u94b1\u5e93\u548c\u7389\u73af\u574e\u95e8\u53c8\u76f8\u7ee7\u6210\u7acb\u672c\u5802\u533a\uff0c\u9996\u4efb\u672c\u5802\u795e\u7236\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5f20\u8d8a\u81e3(\u745e\u5b89\u4eba\uff0c1889\u20141965)\u3001\u6797\u5176\u5d69(\u821f\u5c71\u4eba\uff0c1897\u20141943)\u3001\u80e1\u5b50\u677e(\u5b81\u6ce2\u4eba\uff0c1880\u20141957)\u3001\u5434\u94a6\u534e(\u6e29\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c1877\u20141956)\u3001\u4f59\u971e\u745e(\u5b81\u6ce2\u4eba\uff0c1902\u20141940)\u3002\u526f\u672c\u5802\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u674e\u4ec1\u58f0(\u6c38\u5609\u4eba\uff0c1902\u20141988)\u3001\u8463\u5b89\u6c11(\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c1899\u4e00?)\u3001\u7ae5\u9038\u5c71(\u4f59\u59da\u4eba\uff0c1903\u20141982)\u3001\u9ec4\u7693\u7136(\u4e50\u6e05\u4eba\uff0c1900\u4e00?)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081932\u20141935\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u987e\u4fdd\u7984\u4e3a\u9996\u768412\u540d\u6ce2\u5170\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9646\u7eed\u6765\u6e29\u5dde\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u9886\u5bfc\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081936\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u94b1\u5e93\u5206\u6d3e\u9ec4\u5b66\u5723\u795e\u7236(\u7389\u73af\u4eba)\u9a7b\u82cd\u5357\u84b2\u95e8\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081939\uff09\uff0c\u84b2\u95e8\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u5802\u533a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5168\u6e29\u533a\u6559\u53cb30342\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a67%\u3002\u795e\u723632\u540d(\u5176\u4e2d\u56fd\u7c4d21\u540d)\uff0c\u52a9\u7406\u4fee\u58eb3\u540d\uff0c\u4e2d\u5916\u4fee\u597322\u540d\uff0c\u4f20\u9053\u5458110\u540d\uff0c\u7948\u7977\u6240152\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\uff0c\u5916\u6c47\u65ad\u7edd\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5f00\u652f\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u5148\u540e\u79bb\u53bb\u3002\u52a0\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3001\u6ce2\u795e\u7236\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u6559\u52a1\u8d8b\u5411\u5f98\u5f8a\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081944\uff097\u6708\uff0c\u82cf\u5e0c\u8fbe(\u9ec4\u5ca9\u8def\u6865\u4eba\uff0c1898\u20141957)\u7531\u5b81\u6ce2\u6d3e\u6765\u6e29\u5dde\u63a5\u4efb\u603b\u672c\u5802\u30021946\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u795e\u7236\u5168\u90e8\u64a4\u79bb\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u6e29\u65f6\u4ee3\u9042\u544a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/strong>\uff09\u5efa\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1949\u5e743\u67083\u65e5\u6559\u5ef7\u4e0b\u6587\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4e8e6\u670829\u65e5\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3b\u6559\u4eba\u9009\u672a\u5b9a\uff0c\u6559\u52a1\u4ecd\u7531\u5b81\u6ce2\u4e3b\u6559\u6234\u5b89\u5fb7\u517c\u7ba1\uff0c\u82cf\u5e0c\u8fbe\u4efb\u6e29\u5dde\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\u30027\u6708\uff0c\u6234\u5ba3\u5e03\u82cf\u5e0c\u8fbe\u3001\u90d1\u6d4e\u6c11\u3001\u6f58\u5609\u7984\uff0c\u65b9\u5fd7\u521a\u3001\u9648\u7199\u6b625\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u54a8\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u5171\u5546\u529e\u6559\u5927\u4e8b\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u91cd\u7533\u89e3\u653e\u524d\u5915\u5e94\u6025\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u5728\u82cf\u56e0\u6545\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c6\u4e8b\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u90d1\u548c\u65b9\u987a\u5e8f\u63a5\u4efb\u4ee3\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u540e\u56e01951\u5e74\u90d1\u75c5\u8bf7\u8f9e\uff0c\u589e\u8865\u9648\u7199\u6b62\uff0c\u9648\u4e0d\u53d7\u30021954\u5e74\uff0c\u6234\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u30021955\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u738b\u76ca\u9a8f\u4e3a\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\u30021957\u5e7412\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u82cf\u5728\u72f1\u4e2d\u75c5\u6545\u30021958\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u65b9\u5fd7\u521a\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4e3b\u6559\uff1b1960\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7531\u5168\u56fd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u76ae\u6f31\u77f3\u603b\u4e3b\u6559\u795d\u5723\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a1949\u5e74\u7edf\u8ba1\u67099\u4e2a\u672c\u5802\u533a\uff0c132\u4e2a\u5802\u70b9(\u4e0d\u542b\u805a\u4f1a\u70b9)\uff0c\u795e\u723630\u4eba\uff0c\u4fee\u597322\u4eba\uff0c\u4f20\u9053\u545891\u4eba\uff0c\u6559\u53cb36017\u4eba\uff0c\u6155\u90537000\u4f59\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b668\u6240\uff0c\u5973\u6155\u9053\u57f9\u8bad\u62402\u4e2a\u3002\u5e02\u533a\u8bbe\u603b\u58021\u5ea7\uff0c\u5206\u58023\u5ea7\uff0c\u7948\u7977\u62404\u5904\uff0c\u5973\u4fee\u4f1a\u5206\u96623\u6240\uff0c\u526f\u4e3b\u65591\u4eba\uff0c\u795e\u723610\u4eba\uff0c\u4fee\u58eb1\u4eba\uff0c\u4e2d\u3001\u5916\u4fee\u597319\u4eba\uff0c\u4f20\u9053\u54584\u4eba\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u7ea62500\u4eba\u3002\u533b\u9662\u3001\u80b2\u5a74\u5802\u3001\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u54041\u6240\uff0c\u7acb\u6848\u5c0f\u5b662\u6240\uff0c\u5973\u6155\u9053\u57f9\u8bad\u62401\u4e2a\uff0c\u575f\u5c71\u7ea650\u4ea9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1950\u5e74\u51ac\u8d77\uff0c\u6559\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea4\u56f0\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6e29\u5802\u53d1\u751f\u5e86\u795d\u5723\u5e74\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7”\u5723\u6bcd\u519b”\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b\u5728\u5207\u65ad\u5916\u6c47\u6d25\u8d34\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u529e\u751f\u4ea7\u81ea\u6551\u7684\u8349\u5e3d\u5382\u548c\u9152\u7cbe\u5382\uff0c\u53c8\u56e0\u4e0d\u61c2\u7ecf\u8425\u800c\u76f8\u7ee7\u5012\u95ed\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5165\u4e0d\u4ed8\u51fa\u3002\u6e29\u5802\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u79df\u90e8\u5206\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u5f00\u6e90\u8282\u6d41\u548c\u7cbe\u5175\u7b80\u653f\uff0c\u5c06\u5e02\u533a\u533b\u9662\u3001\u80b2\u5a74\u5802\u3001\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u548c\u5c0f\u5b66\u4f9d\u6cd5\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4e88\u4ee5\u63a5\u7ba1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u56de\u4e61\u53c2\u52a0\u571f\u6539\uff0c\u6216”\u4e0b\u6d77”\u8c0b\u751f\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u4e61\u6751\u5802\u70b9\u65e0\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u88ab\u4f5c\u4ed6\u7528\u30021958\u5e74”\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb”\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6e29\u641e\u201c\u4e09\u732e\u4e00\u9000\u201d\u8bd5\u70b9\uff0c\u6559\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u9664\u8001\u5f31\u6709\u75c5\u8005\u5916\uff0c\u76f8\u7ee7\u53bb\u5de5\u5382\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u5802\u53e3\u3001\u5802\u70b9”\u505c\u6b62\u8ba9\u8def”\u30021966\u5e74\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\uff0c\u5168\u533a\u552f\u4e00\u9057\u5b58\u7684\u6e29\u5802\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u7834”\u56db\u65e7”\u4e2d\u9996\u5f53\u5176\u51b2\uff0c\u4eba\u5458\u88ab\u626b\u5730\u51fa\u95e8\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5168\u90e8\u505c\u987f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1979\u5e74\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u5e02\u59d4\u3001\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f00\u653e\u5468\u5b85\u7960\u5df7\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002 \u4f46\u90e8\u5206\u6559\u53cb\u53d7\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u8131\u79bb\u6559\u5b97\u201d\u4f20\u8a00\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7591\u8651\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u5230\u6709\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6559\u5802\u8fc7\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u5730\u4e0b\u6559\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u65b9\u957f\u671f\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u7591\u8651\u3002\u5230\u6709\u7231\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5802\u53e3\u53c2\u4e0e\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u81ea\u613f\u5230\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u4fee\u5973\u9662\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u6559\u53cb\u4ea6\u660e\u663e\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1983\u5e74\u5723\u8bde\u8282\uff0c\u6e29\u5802\u7ecf\u8fc71\u5e74\u5927\u7ffb\u4fee\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u653e\u30021985\u5e74\uff0c\u795e\u7236\u697c\u6536\u56de\uff0c”\u6587\u9769”\u4e2d\u5206\u6563\u7684\u6559\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u53c8\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1992\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u76ca\u9a8f\u795e\u7236\u52b3\u6559\u91ca\u653e\u56de\u6e29\u5dde\uff0c\u6797\u9521\u9ece\u795d\u5723\u4e3a\u201c\u5730\u4e0b\u4e3b\u6559\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u66f4\u8d8b\u590d\u6742\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1993\u5e749\u670826\u81f330\u65e5\uff0c\u7701\u6c11\u5b97\u59d4\u5728\u6e29\u5dde\u53ec\u5f00\u6e29\u5dde\u5e02\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5404\u5802\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u8bef\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2000\u5e741\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u9009\u81ea\u5723\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u9009\u8521\u53d4\u6bc5\u4e3a\u6559\u533a\u6b63\u6743\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u6731\u7ef4\u82b3\u4e3a\u52a9\u7406\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u540e\u7531\u4e8e\u8521\u53d4\u6bc5\u56e0\u75c5\u575a\u8f9e\uff0c\u800c\u6401\u7f6e\u795d\u5723\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2001\u5e7412\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u603b\u5802\u88ab\u9274\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5371\u623f\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b\u800c\u5c06\u6ce2\u5170\u795e\u7236\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u795e\u7236\u697c\u4e0b\u5c42\u4e09\u95f4\u6539\u4f5c\u4e34\u65f6\u5723\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2002\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u8521\u53d4\u6bc5\u75c5\u5371\u4f4f\u9662\uff0c 9\u670823\u65e5\u66683\u65f621\u5206\uff0c\u8521\u75c5\u901d\u4e8e\u4e1c\u95e8\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\uff0c\u846c\u74ef\u5317\u9a6c\u5c99\u5c71\uff1b\u6731\u7ef4\u82b3\u4efb\u6559\u533a\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2003\u5e7411\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u745e\u5b89\u53ec\u5f00\u6559\u533a\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e3b\u6559\u56e2\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u9a6c\u82f1\u6797\u795e\u7236\u5230\u4f1a\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u6559\u533a\u9886\u5bfc\u73ed\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2004\u5e744\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u603b\u5802\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5723\u5802\u53c8\u6210\u5371\u623f\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u5728\u9662\u4e2d\u5723\u6bcd\u4ead\u524d\u4e3e\u884c\u5f25\u6492\u300210\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u53ec\u5f00\u603b\u5802\u623f\u4ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5e02\u6c11\u5b97\u5c40\u9886\u5bfc\u63d0\u8bae\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u8bf7\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u4ec1\u6148\u5802\u9662\u5730\u4e0a\u53e6\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u5723\u5802\u548c\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2005\u5e746\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u4e3b\u6559\u80e1\u8d24\u5fb7\u5230\u6e29\u5dde\uff0c\u5728\u603b\u5802\u4e3a\u91d1\u4e0a\u5175\u4fee\u58eb\u4e3e\u884c\u664b\u94ce\u5178\u793c\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u53cb\u4e8c\u5343\u4f59\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2005\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u52a1\u7edf\u8ba1\uff1a\u795e\u723616\u4eba\uff0c\u4fee\u597337\u4eba\uff0c\u4fee\u751f14\u4eba\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5802\u70b9363\u5904\uff0c\u9a7b\u795e\u7236\u7684\u672c\u5802\u533a10\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5802<\/strong>  \u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1949\u5e74\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6709\u5927\u3001\u5c0f\u6559\u5802\u548c\u7948\u7977\u6240\uff08\u4e0d\u542b\u79df\u7528\u623f\uff09161\u5ea7\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

       \u6e05\u540c\u6cbb\u4e03\uff081869\uff09\u5e74, \u5728\u7389\u73af\u9752\u5858\u80cc\u5f00\u8bbe\u6700\u65e9\u5802\u70b9\u3002\u540c\u6cbb\u516b\u5e74\uff081869\uff09\uff0c\u4e50\u6e05\u9ca4\u5c99\u9648\u5e0c\u6797\u7b49\u5f00\u8bbe\u6cc9\u5ead\u805a\u4f1a\u70b9\u30022\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6805\u6865\u5802\u62e8\u94f6120\u5143\u8d2d\u5c4b7\u95f4\u8bbe\u5802\u3002\u540c\u6cbb\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081872\uff09\uff0c\u5b63\u957f\u8d35\u3001\u5b63\u76db\u6807\u7b49\u9996\u6279\u6559\u5f92\u8bbe\u7acb\u6c38\u5609\u8336\u5751\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081889\uff09\uff0c\u6e29\u5802\u62e8\u94f6135\u4e24\u8d2d\u5c4b\u8bbe\u5802\u548c\u4e66\u9662\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081876\uff09\uff0c\u745e\u5b89\u6cee\u6d66\u5f90\u963f\u94f6\u3001\u5b59\u6606\u4e45\u7b49\u6559\u5f92\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u70b9\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081903\uff09\uff0c\u8fc1\u81f3\u6c99\u5c99\u6751\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081925\uff09\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u8463\u82e5\u671b\u533b\u9662\u739b\u8389\u59c6\u59c6(\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba)\u8d44\u52a9\u5efa\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u6e29\u5dde\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u8be5\u5802\u4e3a\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4e3b\u6559\u5ea7\u5802\uff0c\u5750\u843d\u5e02\u533a\u5468\u5b85\u7960\u5df7\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u9762\u79ef98\uff0e25m2\u3002\u6e05\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5e74(\u516c\u51431876)\uff0c\u7531\u82b1\u67f3\u5858\u8fc1\u6765\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u5e74\uff081884\uff0910\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u6cd5\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u88ab\u6c11\u4f17\u711a\u6bc1\u3002\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081886\uff09\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa5\u95f4\u795e\u7236\u697c58\u95f4\u4e66\u9662\u697c\u3002\u5927\u5802\u4e8e\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081888\uff09\u5e74\u5f00\u5de5\uff0c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081890\uff09\u521d\u843d\u6210\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081901\uff09\uff0c\u949f\u697c\u52a0\u9ad8\u523013\u4e08\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u5e02\u7b2c\u4e00\u9ad8\u5927\u54e5\u7279\u5f0f\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u88c5\u6f62\u5bcc\u4e3d\u5802\u7687\u30021966\u5e748\u6708”\u6587\u9769”\u65f6\u906d\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u795e\u7236\u4fee\u5973\u88ab\u9010\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u505c\u987f\uff0c\u623f\u5b50\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u30021982\u5e74\uff0c\u843d\u5b9e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7ffb\u4fee\u540e\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u6062\u590d\u6d3b\u52a8\u30021985\u5e74\uff0c\u5217\u4e3a\u5e02\u7ea7\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e3b\u6559\u5e9c\u548c5\u95f4\u795e\u7236\u697c\uff0c\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u88ab\u654c\u673a\u70b8\u6bc1\u3002\u73b0\u67092\u5e62\u697c\uff0c1\u5e62\u4e3a\u51af\u70c8\u9e3f\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081913\uff09\u6240\u5efa\uff1b\u4e1c\u9996\u53e61\u5e627\u95f4\u795e\u7236\u697c\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u65c13\u95f4\u697c\uff0c\u4e3a\u987e\u4fdd\u7984\u4e8e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081939\uff09\u6240\u5efa\u3002\u53e6\u8fd8\u5efa\u6709\u529e\u516c\u53ca\u804c\u5de5\u751f\u6d3b\u5e73\u623f39\u95f4\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u7537\u5802\u5efa\u7b51\u9762\u79ef3300.96\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u5360\u57308.855\u4ea9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4ec1\u6148\u5802(\u5973\u5802)\uff0c\u5728\u5468\u5b85\u7960\u5df7\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5bf9\u9762\uff0c\u5efa\u4e8e\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081896\u20141898\uff09\uff0c\u5185\u5206\u62ef\u7075\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\u9662\u3001\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u3001\u5973\u4e66\u9662\u548c\u5973\u6155\u9053\u57f9\u8bad\u62404\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u6570\u5e62\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u6b63\u4e2d\u901a\u9053\u540e\u90e8\u6709\u5723\u5802\u548c\u5047\u5c71\u3002\u623f\u5c4b\u603b\u9762\u79ef3598.8m2<\/sup>\uff0c\u5360\u57309\uff0e7925\u4ea9\u3002\u73b0\u4e1c\u9996\u62c6\u5efa\u4e3a\u5e02\u7535\u89c6\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u897f\u9996\u5219\u5927\u534a\u5728\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u4e2d\u88ab\u4eba\u62c6\u5efa\u6210\u8fde\u7247\u697c\u623f\uff0c\u51e0\u7ecf\u8f6c\u624b\uff0c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5bbf\u820d\uff0c\u56e0\u4ea7\u6743\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5c1a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u94b1\u5e93\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081902\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8bbe\u7948\u7977\u6240\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff081904\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u5802\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u516d\u5e74\uff081917\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u5efa\u65b0\u5802\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081930\uff09\uff0c\u8bbe\u672c\u5802\u533a\u3002\u9996\u4efb\u672c\u5802\u4e3a\u5434\u94a6\u534e(\u6e29\u5dde\u4eba)\uff0c\u6559\u58027\u95f4\uff0c\u524d\u670922\u7c73\u9ad8\u949f\u697c\uff0c\u65c1\u6709\u795e\u7236\u697c\u548c\u53a2\u623f\uff0c\u662f\u6e29\u5dde\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53cb\u6700\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5802\u533a\u3002\u6709\u7948\u7977\u624024\u5904\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u7ea65\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u6797\u5bb6\u9662\u6700\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e73\u9633\u5929\u4e3b\u5802                                             <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u4f4d\u4e8e\u6606\u9633\u9547\u897f\u5751\u8857\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081889\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u6e29\u5dde\u4f20\u5165\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081893\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u65e7\u623f5\u95f4\u4f5c\u5723\u5802\uff0c\u7531\u675c\u5c71\u5934\u675c\u5148\u751f\u5e26\u7ba1\u3002\u5ba3\u7edf\u5143\u5e74\uff081909\uff09\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4fee\u5efa\uff0c\u6d3e\u9a7b\u6f58\u5b50\u658c\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u3002\u5ba3\u7edf\u4e09\u5e74\uff081911\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6e29\u5dde\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u672c\u5802\u533a\uff0c\u7531\u6cd5\u7c4d\u82cf\u82e5\u671b\u548c\u56fd\u7c4d\u5218\u6c49\u81e3\u795e\u7236\u4e3b\u6301\u5e73\u9633\u548c\u745e\u5b89\u6559\u52a1\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u56db\u5e74\uff081915\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u5802\u6cd5\u7c4d\u6797\u82b3\u8c37\u5efa\u795e\u7236\u697c5\u95f4\u3002\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081920\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u65b0\u5802\u3002\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081922\uff09\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u796d\u53f0\u95f4\uff0c\u6dfb\u88c5\u5929\u68da\u3002\u5802\u6df125\u7c73\uff0c\u961416\u7c73\uff0c\u5448\u5341\u5b57\u5f62\uff0c\u949f\u697c\u9ad815\u7c73\uff0c\u60ac\u949f3\u53e3\u3002\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081924\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u897f\u9996\u5584\u5bfc\u5802(\u62ef\u7075\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\u9662)\u3002\u5e73\u9633\u5802\u603b\u9762\u79ef12\uff0e65\u4ea9\uff0c\u5c71\u56ed60\u4f59\u4ea9\uff0c\u623f\u5c4b2956m2<\/sup>\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081930\uff09\uff0c\u745e\u5b89\u548c\u94b1\u5e93\u5212\u51fa\u53e6\u6210\u7acb\u4e24\u672c\u5802\u533a\u30021958\u5e74\u8d77\u505c\u6b62\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c1982\u5e74\uff0c\u6536\u56de\u5584\u5bfc\u5802\u4f5c\u8bdd\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u3002\u4f59\u88ab\u62c6\u5efa\uff0c\u795e\u7236\u697c5\u95f4\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e73\u623f\u4ecd\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u74ef\u6d77\u6c38\u4e2d\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5750\u843d\u6ca7\u6cb3\u5934\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081906\uff09\uff0c\u79df\u623f\u8bbe\u5802\uff0c\u9a7b\u6709\u4f20\u9053\u5458\u3002\u5ba3\u7edf\u4e09\u5e74\uff081911\uff09\uff0c\u5f02\u5730\u5efa\u623f\u3002\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081917\uff09\uff0c\u59cb\u9a7b\u795e\u7236\u3002\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081920\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u672c\u5802\u533a\uff0c\u517c\u7ba1\u4e50\u6e05\u6559\u52a1\u3002\u81f3\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081928\uff09\u5e74\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u7f6e\u573018\u4ea9\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u6559\u5802\u548c\u795e\u7236\u697c\u5efa\u4e8e\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff09\uff0c\u5802\u524d\u949f\u697c\u9ad88\uff0e6\u4e08\uff0c\u60ac\u949f3\u53e3\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u4e50\u6e05\u767d\u6eaa\u9020\u6c34\u575d\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u6350\u94f65000\u5143\u3002\u6c34\u575d\u7ae3\u5de5\u540e\uff0c\u9001\u5802\u201c\u4e50\u5584\u597d\u65bd\u201d\u533e\u989d\u4e00\u65b9\u3002\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u30021986\u5e74\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c38\u5609\u67ab\u6797\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8679\u6865\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5750\u843d\u9646\u5b85\u5df7\u3002\u5ba3\u7edf\u5143\u5e74(1909)\uff0c\u8bbe\u5802\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081928\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u672c\u5802\u533a\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff081931\uff09\uff0c\u5efa3\u95f4\u795e\u7236\u697c\uff0c\u524d\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u540e\u4e3a\u5723\u5802\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u8fdb\u5927\u9662\uff0c\u5723\u58026\u95f4\u8ba1300\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u8d74\u4e1c\u8054\u4e61\u6e7e\u5e95\u5802\u8fc7\u4e3b\u65e5\uff0c\u8001\u5802\u5012\u574d\uff0c\u5802\u57fa\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u30021986\u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u5802\u8fc1\u5efa\u5c71\u8fb9\uff0c\u53ef\u5bb9200\u4eba\u3002\u84b2\u5c90\u5317\u95e8\u4eba\u6797\u540d\u7fe5\u795e\u7236(\u516c\u51431914\u20141992)\u665a\u5e74\u66fe\u9a7b\u6b64\uff0c\u5e76\u901d\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u745e\u5b89\u4e1c\u95e8\u5929\u4e3b\u5802<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

              \u82cd\u5357\u5b9c\u5c71\u5929\u4e3b\u5802 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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