{"id":113,"date":"2023-04-21T15:13:34","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T07:13:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wocun.org\/?p=113"},"modified":"2023-04-25T14:41:32","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T06:41:32","slug":"%e6%b5%99%e6%b1%9f%e5%a4%a9%e4%b8%bb%e6%95%99%e5%8f%b2%e7%95%a5%ef%bc%88%e5%8d%81%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.zjcatholic.org\/?p=113","title":{"rendered":"\u6d59\u6c5f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53f2\u7565\uff08\u5341\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u4eba\u7269<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5434\u7ecf\u718a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5434\u7ecf\u718a(1899\u20141986)\uff0c\u5b57\u5fb7\u751f\uff0c\u911e\u53bf\u4eba\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081920\uff09\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e1c\u5434\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u79d1\uff0c\u83b7\u6cd5\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u8d74\u7f8e\u7559\u5b66\uff0c\u83b7\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6cd5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u4e1c\u5434\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6cd5\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u9662\u957f\u3002\u5434\u539f\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65b0\u6559\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081937\uff09\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6539\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u9707\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u5802\u5185\u9886\u53d7\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u6388\u6d17\u795e\u7236\u662f\u624d\u5c14\u8499\u9662\u957f\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081939\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u9662\u540d\u8a89\u9662\u58eb\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081946\uff09\uff0c\u51fa\u4efb\u9a7b\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u516c\u4f7f\u3002\u7fcc\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u79df\u7528\u522b\u5885\u5145\u5f53\u4f7f\u9986\u3002\u4ece1949\u5e74\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u897f\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u9662\u62c5\u4efb\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u6cd5\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u5176\u6240\u83b7\u540d\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\u8ba1\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u6ce2\u8131\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5723\u82e5\u671b\u5927\u5b66\u7b49\u6cd5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u514b\u8d6b\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5357\u671d\u9c9c\u5cad\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u548c\u56ed\u5149\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u5b66\u672f\u9662\u201d\u54f2\u58eb\u3002\u66fe\u5386\u4efb\u201c\u53f8\u6cd5\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7acb\u6cd5\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\u8981\u804c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u5e9c\u201d\u8d44\u653f\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u8bc4\u8bae\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u66fe\u4efb\u300a\u516d\u6cd5\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u4e3b\u7f16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5434\u7ecf\u718a\u8457\u4f5c\u9887\u591a\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u3001\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b0\u7ecf\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5723\u548f\u8bd1\u6587\u300b\u7b49\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u827a\u672f\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u6e90\u6cc9\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u82f1\u8bd1\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u54f2\u4e8b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\uff1a\u5176\u4eba\u683c\u53ca\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7985\u5b66\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u300b\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u9644\u8bb0\uff1a1949\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u5434\u7ecf\u718a\u8f9e\u53bb\u9a7b\u68b5\u516c\u4f7f\u804c\uff0c\u7531\u4ee3\u529e\u6731\u82f1\u4e3b\u6301\u9a7b\u68b5\u4f7f\u9986\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6731\u82f1\uff081889-1954\uff09\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c\u7559\u5b66\u610f\u5927\u5229\u62ff\u6ce2\u91cc\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u5317\u4eac\u519c\u4e1a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6240\u4e3b\u4efb\u300226\u5c81\u5230\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u6d3e\u5f80\u6211\u56fd\u9a7b\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f7f\u9986\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021954\u5e74\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u5f53\u5e7412\u6708\u901d\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u848b\u590d\u806a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u5404\u5802\u5f00\u529e\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u6d77\u95e8\u5723\u5fc3\u5c0f\u5b66(\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74[1935]\u589e\u8bbe\u4e2d\u5b66\u73ed)\u3001\u4e34\u6d77\u57f9\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u4ed9\u5c45\u6aa0\u5149\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u5929\u53f0\u5149\u542f\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u9ec4\u5ca9\u5a7a\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u65b0\u6cb3\u7ecf\u8a00\u73ed\u3002\u5728\u6d77\u95e8\u5f00\u529e\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u5a74\u5fb7\u4fee\u5973\u9662\u3002  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6f58\u5609\u7984<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6234\u5b89\u5fb7<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6234\u5b89\u5fb7\uff08Andre Jean Francois Defebvre\uff0c\u53c8\u540d\u798f\u745e\uff09\uff0c1886\u5e746\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5317\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u56e0(Tourcoing)\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff081904\uff099\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u5e76\u5230\u5609\u5174\u6587\u751f\u4fee\u9662\u653b\u8bfb\u795e\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u5ba3\u7edf\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081910\uff097\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u664b\u94ce\u3002\u5148\u5230\u5b9a\u6d77\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u6267\u6559\uff0c\u540e\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u518d\u8c03\u4efb\u5927\u4fee\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff0912\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u9009\u4efb\u5b81\u6ce2\u4ee3\u7267\uff0c\u53d7\u5947\u5df4(Gibba)\u4e3b\u6559\u8854\u3002\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u65e5\u673a\u8f70\u70b8\uff0c\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u5404\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u4f1a\u623f\u9876\u4e0a\uff0c\u6f06\u4e0a\u6cd5\u56fd\u65d7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u9635\u4ea1\u65e5\u519b\u4e3e\u884c\u8ffd\u601d\u5927\u5f25\u6492\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6559\u5185\u5916\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u30021954\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u30021967\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u901d\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6885\u5360\u9b41<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u6587\u672c\u6846:\u6885\u5360\u9b41(Georges Deymier\uff0c1886\u20141956)\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u7f57\u96f7\u8131(Lorette)\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6751\u5e84\u30021909\u5e74\u5165\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\uff0c1912\u5e747\u670814\u65e5\u664b\u94ce\u3002\u4ed6\u76843\u4e2a\u59d0\u59b9\u662f\u4ec1\u7231\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8205\u8205\u548c\u5b89\u5f53\u795e\u7236\u65e9\u5df2\u5728\u6d59\u6c5f\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5143\u5e74\uff081912\uff099\u6708\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u4ed6\u8205\u8205\u7ecf\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u6765\u6d59\u6c5f\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u676d\u5dde\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u6267\u6559\uff0c\u7ee7\u4efb\u676d\u5dde\u5723\u5fc3\u5927\u4fee\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u502a\u6811\u8303<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5434\u56fd\u7115<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u90d1\u5fc3\u955c<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6c5f\u9053\u6e90<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u987e\u4f2f\u4e50<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u82cf\u5e0c\u8fbe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\u6587\u672c\u6846:\u738b\u8000\u539f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u65bd\u4f2f\u5e90<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u80e1<\/strong>\u6d77\u79cb<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081924\uff09\uff0c\u9664\u4f55\u6d69\u7fd4\u7ee7\u7eed\u7559\u6cd5\u6df1\u9020\u5916\uff0c\u80e15\u4eba\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u7b79\u96c62\u4e07\u5143\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u95f8\u5317\u9009\u5b9a\u5382\u5740\uff0c\u80e1\u4efb\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4ed64\u4eba\u5206\u522b\u62c5\u4efb\u6b63\u526f\u5382\u957f\u548c\u8f66\u95f4\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff09\u521d\uff0c\u5f00\u8f66\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7ec7\u9020\u6c57\u886b\u548c\u536b\u751f\u886b\u3002\u5382\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u516d\u4e00\u7ec7\u9020\u5382\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u516d\u4eba\u4e00\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u5382\u8fc1\u676d\u5dde\uff0c\u9648\u6d69\u4efb\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7545\u9500\u4e1c\u5317\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u3001\u6e56\u5357\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u589e\u52a0\u5230150\u4f59\u53f0\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u8fbe40\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u804c\u5de5300\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6d59\u6c5f\u9488\u7ec7\u884c\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u4e3a\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u5382\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081937\uff09\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u6ca6\u9677\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u80e1\u51fa\u4efb\u4e0a\u6d77\u9707\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081946\uff09\uff0c\u80e1\u56de\u676d\u4ece\u4e8b\u590d\u5382\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4efb\u603b\u7ecf\u7406(\u9648\u6d69\u5df2\u4e8e\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74[1943]\u75c5\u901d)\uff0c\u540e\u517c\u4efb\u4ec1\u7231\u533b\u9662\u548c\u5ef7\u7b60\u4e2d\u5b66\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1950\u5e74\uff0c\u516d\u4e00\u5382\u5e26\u5934\u6350\u8d44\u652f\u63f4\u6297\u7f8e\u63f4\u671d\uff0c\u80e1\u4efb\u676d\u5dde\u5404\u754c\u6170\u95ee\u56e2\u526f\u56e2\u957f\u5317\u4e0a\u6170\u95ee\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u52a8\u5458\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u9707\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u79d1\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u53c2\u519b\u3002\u540e\u51fa\u5e2d\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u4e00\u5c4a\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u5468\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u548c\u4ed6\u63e1\u624b\u3002\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u653f\u534f\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u9009\u4efb\u4e3a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u30021954\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5e26\u5934\uff0c\u516d\u4e00\u5382\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u516c\u79c1\u5408\u8425\u8bd5\u70b9\uff0c\u80e1\u4efb\u5382\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u30021956\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u526f\u5e02\u957f\u30021957\u5e74\u88ab\u5212\u4e3a\u53f3\u6d3e\uff0c1980\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u5e73\u53cd\uff0c1985\u5e74\u75c5\u901d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u66fe\u4efb\u6c11\u5efa\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u5de5\u5546\u8054\u5e38\u59d4\uff0c\u6c11\u5efa\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u7701\u5de5\u5546\u8054\u526f\u4e3b\u59d4\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u6c11\u5efa\u548c\u5de5\u5546\u8054\u526f\u4e3b\u59d4\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u653f\u534f\u5e38\u59d4\u7b49\u804c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u738b\u514b\u8c26<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u738b\u514b\u8c26\uff0c\u5723\u540d\u739b\u7aa6\uff0c\u8862\u5dde\u9ebb\u84ec\u4eba\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081903\uff099\u670822\u65e5\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081924\uff098\u6708\u5165\u5609\u5174\u6587\u751f\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081928\uff092\u670817\u65e5\u664b\u94ce\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u4e34\u5b89\u7b49\u5730\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u56e0\u7cbe\u901a\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u8c03\u4efb\u676d\u5dde\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u300a\u6211\u5b58\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4fee\u9662\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u4efb\u9042\u5b89\u672c\u5802\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081947\uff09\u56de\u676d\u5dde\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u5ef7\u7b60\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u4efb\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8058\u5230\u676d\u4e00\u9ad8\u6388\u6570\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u30021952\u5e74\u676d\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6885\u5360\u9b41\u4e3b\u6559\u79bb\u53bb\uff0c\u738b\u4efb\u6559\u533a\u4ee3\u7406\u4e3b\u6559\u30021956\u5e74\u53c2\u52a0\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u7b79\u5907\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c1957\u5e74\u88ab\u9519\u5212\u4e3a\u53f3\u6d3e\u5206\u5b50\uff0c \u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u9ebb\u84ec\u4f84\u513f\u5bb6\uff0c1980\u5e744\u6708\u75c5\u901d\u4e8e\u9ebb\u84ec\uff0c1985\u5e743\u67089\u65e5\u4e88\u4ee5\u5e73\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6768\u58eb\u8fbe<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6768\u58eb\u8fbe\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u662d\u745e\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081903\uff091\u670813\u65e5\u751f\u4e8e\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5927\u57d4\u53bf\uff0c\u7ae5\u5e74\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u672c\u8349\u7eb2\u76ee\u300b\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u516b\u5e74\uff081919\uff09\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u6cd5\u5b66\u5802\uff0c\u5f53\u5e745\u67084\u65e5\u5317\u4eac\u5b66\u751f\u6380\u8d77\u53cd\u5e1d\u7231\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u58eb\u8fbe\u9009\u4efb\u4e2d\u6cd5\u5b66\u5802\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\uff0c\u5e26\u9886\u540c\u5b66\u6295\u5165\u53cd\u5e1d\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u88ab\u5b66\u6821\u5f00\u9664\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u9996\u8bd7\uff1a\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d7\u6821\u9edc\uff0c\u8eab\u867d\u906d\u51fb\u5fd7\u5df2\u916c\u3002\u53cd\u5e1d\u7231\u56fd\u4e43\u5929\u804c\uff0c\u56fd\u803b\u4e0d\u96ea\u4e0d\u7f62\u4f11\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u6539\u540d\u8f91\u4e94\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u6821\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff097\u6708\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u9707\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u8d74\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u8fdb\u4fee\uff0c\u770b\u89c1\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u6668\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u520a\u767b\u4e00\u7bc7\u4fae\u8fb1\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ed6\u8054\u5408\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5b66\u751f\u5bbf\u820d\u7684\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e66\u9762\u8054\u540d\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081928\uff09\uff0c\u8003\u5f97\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u8fd4\u56fd\uff0c\u53d7\u8058\u4e3a\u676d\u5dde\u4ec1\u7231\u533b\u9662\u4e3b\u4efb\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u533b\u9662\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u62c5\u8d1f\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u548cX\u5149\u5ba4\uff0c\u517c\u4efb\u6d59\u6c5f\u533b\u4e13\u6559\u6388\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6cd5\u533b\u3001\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3001\u676d\u5dde\u56fd\u7acb\u827a\u4e13\u6821\u533b\u7b49\u804c\uff0c\u533b\u672f\u7cbe\u6e5b\uff0c\u533b\u5fb7\u5d07\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6734\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f88\u53d7\u75c5\u4eba\u8d5e\u8a89\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081938\uff09\uff0c\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u4efb\u9707\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1950\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e26\u9886\u5e08\u751f\u5230\u5609\u5174\u89e3\u653e\u519b27\u519b\u9a7b\u5730\uff0c\u4e3a\u90e8\u961f\u9632\u6cbb\u8840\u5438\u866b\u75c5\uff0c\u76ee\u7779\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7684\u4f18\u826f\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u540c\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4fdd\u536b\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u5e1d\u4fb5\u7565\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u4e0a\u6d77\u5206\u4f1a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u652f\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u8d74\u671d\u9c9c\u8c03\u67e5\u7f8e\u519b\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec6\u83cc\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u770b\u6e05\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u771f\u9762\u76ee\u30021954\u5e7410\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u8d74\u671d\u6170\u95ee\u56e2\u3002\u56de\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u6295\u5165\u4e0a\u6d77\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u754c\u7684\u53cd\u5e1d\u7231\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u30021955\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5728\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u5927\u4f1a\uff1b9\u6708\uff0c\u88ab\u9009\u4efb\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u7b79\u5907\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u53c8\u5386\u4efb\u4e0a\u6d77\u7b2c\u4e8c\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u526f\u9662\u957f\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c4a\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u4e00\u81f3\u56db\u5c4a\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u4f1a\u603b\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7b49\u804c\u30021963\u5e744\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u75c5\u901d\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u603b\u7406\u53d1\u6765\u5501\u7535\uff0c\u5e76\u732e\u4e86\u82b1\u5708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u738b\u80b2\u4e09<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8212\u5176\u8c01<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u548c\u5b89\u5f53<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u548c\u5b89\u5f53(Antoine Heckman\uff0c1853\u20141893)\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u30021874\u5e7412\u670813\u65e5\u8fdb\u5df4\u9ece\u4fee\u9662\uff0c1876\u5e746\u670810\u65e5\u664b\u94ce\uff0c\u6b21\u5e748\u6708\u62b5\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002\u540c\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u52a0\u5165\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u676d\u5dde\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\u5e76\u534f\u52a9\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u66fe\u4e3a\u4fee\u751f\u8bb2\u6388\u62c9\u4e01\u8bfe\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u516b\u5e74\uff081882\uff092\u6708\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e3e\u884c\u548c\u5fb7\u7406\u77bb\u793c\uff0c\u7531\u548c\u5b89\u5f53\u4eb2\u624b\u5c06\u548c\u5fb7\u7406\u50cf\u6302\u5728\u5357\u4fa7\u796d\u53f0\u4e0a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081883\u20141889\uff09\uff0c\u8c03\u4efb\u5b9a\u6d77\u4fee\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3002\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081891\uff09\uff0c\u4efb\u8862\u5dde\u672c\u5802\uff0c\u517c\u7ba1\u91d1\u534e\u3001\u5904\u5dde2\u5e9c\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u5341\u516b\u3001\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081892\u20141893\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u529b\u5f00\u5c55\u91d1\u534e\u3001\u5904\u5dde\u4e24\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8eab\u8fb9\u5e26\u7740\u8521\u5949\u748b\u548c\u66fe\u6587\u67972\u540d\u5f97\u529b\u7684\u4f20\u9053\u5458\uff0c\u5728\u91d1\u534e\u9ed8\u76f8\u574a\u8bbe\u7acb\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5e76\u5230\u4e0a\u53e4\u4e95\u3001\u8305\u8349\u5c71\u3001\u725b\u76ae\u5858\u3001\u6865\u513f\u5934\u7b49\u6751\u8bbe\u70b9\u8bb2\u9053\u3002\u66fe\u5728\u4e3d\u6c34\u4e5d\u9f99\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u8d2d\u5730\u5efa\u9020\u5723\u5802\u548c\u795e\u7236\u4f4f\u623f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3d\u6c34\u5730\u533a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u6b63\u5f0f\u5723\u5802\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u5434\u5729\u529e\u8fc7\u4e00\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081893\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u79ef\u52b3\u6210\u75be\u8c03\u56de\u676d\u5dde\u30029\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u846c\u5927\u65b9\u4e95\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8339\u6f2a\u4ead<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8c2d\u5c14\u9f10<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8c2d\u5c14\u9f10(Turner Kenneth\uff0c1905\u20141985)\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u4efb\u6c7d\u8f66\u673a\u4fee\u5e08\uff0c\u540e\u5165\u65af\u52a0\u6ce2\u7f57(Scarboro)\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u4fee\u9662\u653b\u8bfb\u795e\u5b66\u3002\u6297\u6218\u524d\u664b\u94ce\uff0c\u5230\u9752\u7530\u4f20\u6559\u30021947\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u4e3d\u6c34\u6559\u533a\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c1948\u5e746\u6708\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53d7\u4e3b\u6559\u795d\u5723\u793c\u30021954\u5e74\u8fd4\u56de\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u30021985\u5e74\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u901d\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f6\u79cb\u539f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

   \u53f6\u79cb\u539f(1907-1948\u5e74)\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u4eba\u3002\u7559\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u83b7\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90a3\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081927\uff09\uff0c\u56de\u56fd\u51fa\u4efb\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u517c\u4efb\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081933\uff09\uff0c\u4efb\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u5b66\u653f\u7ecf\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081938\uff09\u521d\uff0c\u62b5\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5bc4\u5c45\u4e5d\u9f99\u4e0e\u5434\u7ecf\u718a\u90bb\u5c45\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u300a\u5929\u4e0b\u300b\u6708\u520a\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u5171\u4e8b\u3002\u4e24\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u63a2\u7814\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081940\uff092\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u5723\u540d\u6492\u808b\u65af\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081942\uff091\u67088\u65e5\u81f330\u65e5\uff0c\u53f6\u5434\u4e24\u4eba\u56e0\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3a\u5728\u6e2f\u65e5\u519b\u6548\u52b3\uff0c\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\uff0c\u7ecf\u7f57\u65ed\u548c\uff08Robert Kotewall\uff09\u7235\u58eb\u4fdd\u91ca\u56de\u4e5d\u9f99\u3002\u540c\u5e745\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u5316\u88c5\u6df7\u5165\u56de\u4e61\u52b3\u5de5\u7fa4\u4e2d\u9003\u79bb\u4e5d\u9f99\u56de\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u51fa\u4efb\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u7acb\u6cd5\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081945\uff09\u4efb\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u4e3b\u7b14\uff0c\u4ecd\u517c\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u771f\u7406\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081948\uff093\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u75c5\u901d\u3002\u4e13\u8457\u6709\u300a\u9707\u91cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65b9<\/strong>  <\/strong>\u8c6a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65b9\u8c6a\uff081910-1980\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u6770\u4eba\uff0c\u7b14\u540d\u82b3\u5e90\u3001\u7edd\u5c18\u3001\u5723\u8001\uff0c\u676d\u53bf\uff08\u4eca\u676d\u5dde\u4f59\u676d\uff09\u4eba\u3002\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081922\uff09\uff0c\u5165\u676d\u5dde\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u9884\u5907\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u653b\u8bfb\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5b97\u6559\u9676\u51b6\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u4fee\u6587\u53f2\u3002\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081929\uff09\uff0c\u5165\u5b81\u6ce2\u4fdd\u7f57\u795e\u54f2\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u7814\u8bfb\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u65c1\u53ca\u5723\u7ecf\u3001\u6559\u5f8b\u3001\u6559\u53f2\u7b49\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081935\uff099\u670815\u65e5\u664b\u94ce\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5728\u5609\u5174\u3001\u91d1\u534e\u3001\u6b66\u4e49\u3001\u6c38\u5eb7\u3001\u6c64\u6eaa\u7b49\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b8b\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081938\uff0910\u6708\u5165\u6ec7\uff0c\u4f50\u4e8e\u658c\u590d\u520a\u300a\u76ca\u4e16\u62a5\u300b\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081940\uff09\u8d77\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u6d59\u6c5f\u3001\u590d\u65e6\u3001\u8f85\u4ec1\u3001\u6d25\u6cbd\u7b49\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u7b49\u804c\u3002\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u80dc\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u4e3b\u7b14\u3001\u7530\u8015\u8398\u67a2\u673a\u4e3b\u6559\u79d8\u4e66\u3001\u4e0a\u667a\u7f16\u8bd1\u9986\u9986\u957f\u3001\u300a\u4e0a\u667a\u7f16\u8bd1\u9986\u9986\u520a\u300b\u4e3b\u7f16\u30021949\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u53d7\u8058\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4efb\u6307\u5bfc\u53f8\u94ce\u3001\u4e3b\u4efb\u53f8\u94ce\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u201d\u5b66\u672f\u5ba1\u8bae\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u201c\u8003\u8bd5\u9662\u201d\u5178\u8bd5\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6218\u7565\u5b66\u672f\u59d4\u5458\u201d\uff0c\u8fde\u4efb\u4e09\u5c4a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u201d\u7406\u4e8b\u957f\u3002\u5148\u540e\u5e94\u9080\u51fa\u5e2d\u5fb7\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u610f\u3001\u6fb3\u3001\u65e5\u7b49\u56fd\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\u30021969\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u9009\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u201c\u8bc4\u8bae\u5458\u201d\u30021975\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u5b97\u4fdd\u7984\u516d\u4e16\u9881\u6388\u540d\u8a89\u4e3b\u6559\u52a0\u8499\u5e2d\u8854\u30021980\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u75c5\u901d\u53f0\u5317\u3002\u4ed6\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u4e2d\u897f\u4ea4\u901a\u53f2\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5b8b\u53f2\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u300b\u3001\u300a\u674e\u4e4b\u85fb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b9\u8c6a\u6587\u5f55\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b9\u8c6a\u516d\u5341\u81ea\u5b9a\u7a3f\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b9\u8c6a\u516d\u5341\u81f3\u516d\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u81ea\u9009\u5f85\u5b9a\u7a3f\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f90\u8bda\u658c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f90\u8bda\u658c(1920-1973)\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u5b81\u6ce2\u4eba,\u6c11\u56fd\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081920\uff09\u9634\u5386\u6b63\u6708\u521d\u4e94\u751f\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002\u7236\u540d\u53ef\u5347\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u4e0a\u6d77\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u5e72\u4e8b\u3002\u5f90\u8bda\u658c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u5723\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5927\u5b66\u65b0\u95fb\u7cfb\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u9999\u6e2f\u5230\u91cd\u5e86\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u65b0\u95fb\u5904\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081944\uff09\uff0c\u5230\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u5956\uff0c\u8d74\u82f1\u56fd\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u8fdb\u4fee\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081948\uff09\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u56fd\u53d7\u8058\u4e3a\u5357\u4eac\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u3001\u5357\u4eac\u65f6\u4e0e\u65b9\u8c6a\u795e\u7236\u76f8\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ea4\u5f80\u8c08\u9053\uff0c\u4e8e1949\u5e74\u521d\u4ece\u57fa\u7763\u65b0\u6559\u6539\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u5723\u540d\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5357\u4eac\u89e3\u653e\u534a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8d74\u9999\u6e2f\u63a2\u4eb2\u30021950\u5e74\u52301955\u5e74\uff0c\u4efb\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4e13\u5458\u516c\u7f72\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u30021955\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u8d74\u7f57\u9a6c\u653b\u8bfb\u795e\u5b66\u30021959\u5e743\u670814\u65e5\u7f57\u9a6c\u664b\u94ce\u540e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u9999\u6e2f\u30021959\u5e74\u52301964\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u516c\u6559\u62a5\u300b\u30021961\u5e74\u81f31968\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u516c\u6559\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u548c\u516c\u6559\u771f\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021967\u5e7410\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u795d\u5723\u4e3a\u8f85\u7406\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u767d\u82f1\u5947\uff08Lawrence Bianchi\uff09\u4e3b\u6559\u9000\u4f11\u540e\uff0c\u5347\u4efb\u9999\u6e2f\u6b63\u6743\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c10\u670826\u65e5\u4e3e\u884c\u5c31\u804c\u793c\u30021972\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u540d\u8a89\u6cd5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u30021971\u5e74\u81f31973\u5e74\uff0c\u4efb\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e3b\u6559\u56e2\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u30021973\u5e74\uff0c\u4efb\u6559\u5ef7\u4e07\u6c11\u798f\u97f3\u90e8\u59d4\u5458\u3002\u540c\u5e745\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u7a81\u53d1\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u901d\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u65b9\u5fd7\u521a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65b9\u5fd7\u521a\uff081914-2001\uff09\uff0c\u5723\u540d\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u745e\u5b89\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u589e\u7235\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u540e\u5347\u5165\u5b81\u6ce2\u4fdd\u7984\u795e\u54f2\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081936\uff09\uff0c\u8d74\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f20\u4fe1\u5927\u5b66\u653b\u8bfb\u795e\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081940\uff09\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u83b7\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u5e76\u664b\u94ce\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081944\uff09\uff0c\u83b7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u83b7\u795e\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081947\uff09\uff0c\u56de\u56fd\u4efb\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u7984\u795e\u54f2\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6559\u6388\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u8c03\u6e29\u5dde\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u51fa\u4efb\u5e73\u9633\u672c\u5802\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u66fe\u88ab\u6355\u5165\u72f1\u30021957\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u9009\u4e3a\u59d4\u5458\u3002\u540c\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u7b79\u5907\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u9009\u4efb\u4e3b\u4efb\u30021958\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u6e29\u5dde\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u9009\u4efb\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u4efb\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c1960\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u795d\u5723\u30021980\u5e74\u52301993\u5e74\uff0c\u8fde\u4efb\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u56db\u5c4a\u4e3b\u4efb\uff1b1993\u5e74\u81f32001\u5e74\uff0c\u4efb\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u4efb\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u653f\u534f\u4e94\u5c4a\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u4e94\u81f3\u4e03\u5c4a\u59d4\u5458\u30022001\u5e7411\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u75c5\u901d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u738b\u4efb\u5149<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u738b\u4efb\u5149\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u589e\u5149\uff0c\u5b57\u6000\u68e0\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u6c5f\u5c71\u4eba\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u6c11\u56fd\u516b\u5e74\uff081919\uff094\u670820\u65e5\u3002\u5144\u5f1f\u56db\u4eba\uff0c\u6392\u884c\u7b2c\u56db\u3002\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6bdb\u6c0f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u6559\u53cb\u3002\u4efb\u5149\u51fa\u751f\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u5168\u5bb6\u8fc1\u5c45\u8862\u5dde\u897f\u95e8\u30021l\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u676d\u5dde\u5907\u4fee\u9662\u3002\u540e\u76f8\u7ee7\u8f6c\u5165\u676d\u5dde\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u548c\u5b81\u6ce2\u4fdd\u7984\u5927\u4fee\u9662\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081943\uff092\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u664b\u94ce\uff0c\u5148\u5230\u5e73\u6e56\u4f20\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081944\uff099\u6708\uff0c\u8003\u5165\u5317\u5e73\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081948\uff096\u6708\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u83b7\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u540c\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5723\u8def\u6613\u5927\u5b66\u6df1\u9020\uff0c1950\u5e74\u83b7\u8be5\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u82f1\u8bfa\u589e\u4e09\u4e16\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u300b\u30021951\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u6cbb\u773c\u75c5\u4f11\u5b66\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u5165\u8f85\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u30021957\u5e74\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u300a\u9690\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8005\u5723\u8fbe\u5f25\u76ce\u300b\u3002\u540c\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fbe\u62c9\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e08\uff0c\u6388\u897f\u6d0b\u53f2\u8bfe\u30021960\u5e74\uff0c\u8c03\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u96f7\u6469\u989c\u5b66\u9662\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u30021963\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u5e94\u53f0\u6e7e\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u201d\u9ec4\u5b63\u9646\u7684\u8058\u8bf7\uff0c\u51fa\u4efb\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5e76\u517c\u4efb\u53f0\u5317\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u30021967\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u521b\u529e\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u4efb\u6240\u957f\u30021968\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u30021982\u5e74\u81f31987\u5e74\uff0c\u5e94\u8058\u4e3a\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u30021987\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4e13\u4efb\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6559\u6388\u30021991\u5e74\uff0c\u4f53\u68c0\u53d1\u73b0\u60a3\u6dcb\u5df4\u764c\uff0c1993\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u75c5\u901d\u4e8e\u8015\u8398\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7475\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6731\u5cf0\u9752<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u738b\u76ca\u9a8f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u738b\u76ca\u9a8f(1917-2004)\uff0c\u5723\u540d\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404,\u6e29\u5dde\u82cd\u5357\u5f20\u5bb6\u5e84\u4eba\u3002\u5e7c\u5e74\u5230\u5e73\u9633\u4e00\u5bb6\u5c0f\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081929\uff09\u8fdb\u5165\u5b81\u6ce2\u5907\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081936\uff09\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u8f6c\u5165\u5b81\u6ce2\u4fdd\u7984\u795e\u54f2\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081943\uff092\u67082\u65e5\u6bd5\u4e1a\u664b\u94ce\uff0c\u8d74\u4eac\u5728\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u653b\u8bfb\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081947\uff096\u6708\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u540e\u4efb\u5b81\u6ce2\u589e\u7235\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u8c03\u4efb\u6e29\u5dde\u603b\u5802\u672c\u5802\u3002\u82cf\u5e0c\u8fbe\u88ab\u6355\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4efb\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\u30021955\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u201c\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u7f6a\u201d\u5165\u72f1\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u7559\u573a\u5341\u5e74\u30021970\u5e74\uff0c\u56de\u6559\u5802\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u4e8c\u6b21\u52b3\u6559\u30021992\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u91cd\u56de\u6559\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021988\u5e74\uff0c\u51fa\u4efb\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u201c\u4e24\u4f1a\u201d\u7b2c\u516d\u5c4a\u5e38\u59d4\u30022003\u5e7411\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u60a3\u80ba\u708e\uff0c\u4f4f\u9662\u6551\u6cbb\u30022004\u5e741\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u901d\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f90\u5409\u9e9f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f90\u5409\u9e9f\uff081926\u20142000\uff09\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u4eba\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u5b81\u6ce2\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\u3002 1959\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u9009\u4efb\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u7b79\u5907\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\uff0c\u8fde\u4efb\u56db\u5c4a\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u5c4a\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u517c\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u653f\u534f\u59d4\u5458\u30021970\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u53c2\u4e8b\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u5e38\u59d4\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u30021993\u5e74\u75c5\u4f11\uff0c2000\u5e7410\u670817\u65e5\u75c5\u901d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8521\u53d4\u6bc5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8521\u53d4\u6bc5\uff081916-2002\uff09\uff0c\u8bf8\u66a8\u749c\u5c71\u9547\u4eba\uff0c\u5723\u540d\u897f\u6ee1\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081930\uff098\u6708\uff0c\u5165\u5b81\u6ce2\u5907\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u540e\u8f6c\u5165\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u3001\u5927\u4fee\u9662\u6c42\u5b66\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081944\uff09\u664b\u94ce\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u8c03\u4efb\u6e29\u5dde\u589e\u7235\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081948\uff09\u56de\u5b81\u6ce2\u51fa\u4efb\u836f\u884c\u8857\u5802\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u53c8\u8c03\u56de\u6e29\u5dde\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6559\u533a\u8d22\u52a1\u30021958\u5e74\u5230\u9e7f\u57ce\u673a\u68b0\u5382\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c1979\u5e74\u56e0\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u9000\u4f11\u56de\u8bf8\u66a8\u8001\u5bb6\u4f11\u517b\u30021982\u5e74\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6e29\u5dde\u8d1f\u8d23\u6559\u5802\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u843d\u5b9e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u6e29\u5dde\u5e02\u4e00\u3001\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u5c4a\u4eba\u5927\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u653f\u534f\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u201c\u4e24\u4f1a\u201d\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u5e02\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u7b49\u804c\u30022002\u5e749\u670822\u65e5\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u5e76\u846c\u74ef\u5317\u9a6c\u5c99\u5c71\uff0c\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u9001\u846c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u8d3a\u8fd1\u6c11<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c11\u56fd\u516d\u5e74\uff081917\uff09\u9633\u53867\u670819\u65e5\u751f\u4e8e\u7ecd\u5174\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5723\u540d\u5f25\u989d\u5c14\u3002\u516b\u5c81\uff081924\u5e74\uff09\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u7ecd\u5174\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u529e\u7684\u57f9\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u5341\u4e09\u5c81\uff081930\u5e74\uff09\u8fdb\u5b81\u6ce2\u589e\u7235\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u5c81\uff081936\u5e74\uff09\u8fdb\u5b81\u6ce2\u4fdd\u7984\u5927\u4fee\u9662\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081944\u5e74\uff09\u664b\u94ce\uff0c\u5230\u4f59\u59da\u4f20\u6559\u30021951\u5e74\uff0c\u8c03\u5b81\u6ce2\u6c5f\u5317\u5802\u4efb\u526f\u672c\u5802\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u95ee\u9898\u5212\u4e3a\u53f3\u6d3e\uff0c\u5230\u752c\u6c5f\u9152\u5382\u52b3\u52a8\u30021970\u5e74\uff0c\u6458\u6389\u53f3\u6d3e\u5e3d\u5b50\u30021977\u5e74\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u56de\u7ecd\u5174\u8001\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u5f53\u7ef4\u6301\u4ea4\u901a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba4\u771f\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u88ab\u8bc4\u4e0a\u5148\u8fdb\u30021984\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u5e73\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1981\u5e74\u56de\u6c5f\u5317\u5802\uff0c\u4e0e\u8001\u795e\u7236\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u91cd\u5efa\u6559\u533a\u30021985\u5e74\uff0c\u6559\u533a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u67f4\u65e5\u6636\u795e\u7236\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u8d3a\u88ab\u63a8\u9009\u4e3a\u6559\u533a\u957f\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u91cd\u5efa\u6559\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u30022000\u5e745\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u6b63\u6743\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u4e8e2004\u5e745\u67084\u65e5\u75c5\u901d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8d3a\u4e3b\u6559\u4e3b\u6301\u5de5\u4f5c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6559\u533a\u6392\u9664\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u6559\u5b97\u4e24\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u884c\u5f84\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7231\u56fd\u7231\u6559\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u9053\u8def\uff1a\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u62e5\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u70ed\u7231\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7956\u56fd\uff1b\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u575a\u6301\u81f3\u4e00\u3001\u81f3\u5723\u3001\u81f3\u516c\u3001\u4ece\u5b97\u5f92\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u6559\u89c4\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8bad\u5bfc\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u6559\u5b97\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5143\u9996\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u628a\u6559\u533a\u7684\u795e\u957f\u3001\u6559\u53cb\u51dd\u805a\u8d77\u6765\u30021981\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6148\u6eaa\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u906d\u53d7\u5916\u6765\u201c\u5730\u4e0b\u52bf\u529b\u201d\u5e72\u6270\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eb2\u8d74\u6148\u6eaa\uff0c\u5411\u5e7f\u5927\u6559\u53cb\u505a\u4e86\u7ec6\u81f4\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u3001\u8270\u82e6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e86\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6559\u533a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u56e2\u7ed3\u6559\u53cb\u5728\u7231\u56fd\u7231\u6559\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u8fc8\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d3a\u4e3b\u6559\u80fd\u865a\u5fc3\u542c\u53d6\u5e74\u8f7b\u795e\u7236\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u533a\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a33\u6b65\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u6210\u5c31\uff1a1\uff09 \u534f\u52a9\u653f\u5e9c\u843d\u5b9e\u5b97\u6559\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6536\u56de\u6559\u4ea7\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u6216\u91cd\u5efa\u6559\u5802\u3002\u81f32005\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u6279\u51c6\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u5802\u70b9\u670986\u5904\u30022\uff09 \u57f9\u517b\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e00\u4ee3\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u4fee\u5973\u548c\u6559\u53cb\u3002\u81f32005\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u795d\u5723\u4e86\u795e\u723616\u4eba\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d1\u613f\u4fee\u597325\u4eba\uff0c\u6559\u53cb\u5df2\u57fa\u672c\u5e74\u8f7b\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u6570\u5df2\u8fbe\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u5de6\u53f3\u30023\uff09 \u8d2f\u5f7b\u843d\u5b9e\u68b5\u4e8c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u793c\u4eea\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u5f25\u6492\u6539\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\u5f25\u6492\uff0c\u6587\u8a00\u7ecf\u6539\u4e3a\u767d\u8bdd\u7ecf\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6210\u7acb\u6559\u53cb\u5723\u7ecf\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u5ba3\u626c\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u533a\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u6d3b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u8463\u592a\u548c<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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     1984\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6279\u51c6\u4e3a\u5149\u4eea\u4e13\u4e1a\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c1985\u5e74\u4efb\u5149\u4eea\u5b66\u79d1\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u6d41\u52a8\u7ad9\u5bfc\u5e08\u30021982\u5e74\u52301990\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u67095\u540d\u7855\u58eb\uff0c7\u540d\u535a\u58eb\uff0c2\u540d\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff1b\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u4e2d\u4e00\u540d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540dLille\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4ed6\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u201c\u751f\u7406\u5149\u5b66\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u529f\u80fd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u201d\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u7535\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u540e\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u30021990\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u201c\u4ece\u4e8b\u9ad8\u6821\u79d1\u628040\u5e74\u8363\u8a89\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6279\u51c6\u4ece1993\u5e74\u8d77\u4eab\u53d7\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u7279\u6b8a\u6d25\u8d34\u201d\u30021994\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u83b7\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u201c\u4e3a\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u8363\u8a89\u72b6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u4ed6\u52e4\u594b\u597d\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5f97\u5931\uff0c\u8001\u9aa5\u4f0f\u67a5\uff0c\u9ed8\u9ed8\u8015\u8018\uff0c\u8457\u4f5c\u7b49\u8eab\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\uff1a\u300a\u51f8\u8f6e\u5b66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7403\u8f8a\u8f74\u627f\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u300b\u3001\u300a\u95f4\u6b47\u8fd0\u52a8\u673a\u6784\u539f\u7406\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0e\u519b\u7528\u5149\u5b66\u4eea\u5668\u300b\u4e0a\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u4e0b\u4e09\u518c\uff0c\u300a\u4e09\u7ef4\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u300b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u6570\u5341\u7bc7\u3002\u4ed6\u79bb\u4f11\u540e\uff0c\u5199\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u62a4\u6559\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u520a\u8f7d\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u6559\u533a\u5149\u542f\u793e\u7684\u300a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\u4e0a\u30022003\u5e74\u6c47\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u4e2d\u5916\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u534e\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u8ba120\u4e07\u5b57\uff0c\u7531\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7231\u56fd\u4f1a\u3001\u6559\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300a\u6211\u5b58\u4e1b\u4e66\u4e4b\u4e09\u300b\u520a\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u201d\u8003\u53e4\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f5c\u8fc7\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u751f\u7269\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u5fb7\u65e5\u8fdb\u795e\u7236(Marie Joseph Pierre Teihard de Chardin\uff0c1881-1955)\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u6cd5\u7279\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5deb\u56fd\u745e<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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