{"id":104,"date":"2023-04-21T15:03:12","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T07:03:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wocun.org\/?p=104"},"modified":"2023-04-25T14:54:40","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T06:54:40","slug":"%e6%b5%99%e6%b1%9f%e5%a4%a9%e4%b8%bb%e6%95%99%e5%8f%b2%e7%95%a5%ef%bc%88%e5%85%ad%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.zjcatholic.org\/?p=104","title":{"rendered":"\u6d59\u6c5f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53f2\u7565\uff08\u516d\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0<\/strong> <\/strong>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4e1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8c13\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u81ea\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u8fb9\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u4e3e\u529e\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u76ca\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6d59\u6c5f\u529e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u533b\u9662\u3001\u80b2\u5a74\u5802\u3001\u798f\u5229\u9662\u7b49\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u4ece1951\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u653f\u52a1\u9662\u6587\u4ef6\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u7531\u5404\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u529e\u3002\u55e3\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282<\/strong>  <\/strong>\u5b66<\/strong> <\/strong>\u6821<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8a00\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u6216\u79f0\u4e66\u9662\uff09\u59cb\u529e\u4e8e\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\uff0c\u540e\u7531\u676d\u5dde\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5404\u5802\u53e3\u548c\u5404\u4e61\u9547\u5802\u70b9\u3002\u6559\u5b66\u6709\u4e13\u6388\u7ecf\u6587\u6559\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u517c\u6388\u56fd\u6587\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u53f2\u5730\u3001\u73e0\u7b14\u7b97\u7684\u3002\u575a\u6301\u6709\u6559\u65e0\u7c7b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6559\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u751f\u2014\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\uff0c\u8fdc\u5730\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bc4\u5bbf\uff0c\u5b66\u81b3\u8d39\u4f4e\u5fae\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u914c\u60c5\u51cf\u514d\u3002\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u65f6\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5411\u6b63\u8f68\u5b66\u6821\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u591a\u5e74\u7ea7\u5236\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8fd8\u5efa\u6709\u7a7f\u5236\u670d\u7684\u4e50\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4ec5\u6e29\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5e74\uff081914\uff09\u6709\u7ecf\u8a00\u5b66\u682156\u6240\uff0c\u5b66\u751f1868\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a\u6e29\u5dde\u57ce\u533a5\u6240\uff0c\u5b66\u751f351\u4eba\uff1b\u6c38\u560929\u6240\uff0c\u5b66\u751f1049\u4eba\uff1b\u5e73\u96336\u6240\uff0c\u5b66\u751f155\u4eba\uff1b\u745e\u5b8913\u6240\uff0c\u5b66\u751f250\u4eba\uff1b\u4e50\u6e053\u6240\uff0c\u5b66\u751f63\u4eba\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081935\uff09\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u682167\u6240\uff0c\u6559\u5e0872\u540d\uff0c\u5b66\u751f3188\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a\u521d\u5c0f596\u4eba\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c0f254\u4eba\u3002\u7537\u5973\u6df7\u5408\u5c0f\u5b668\u6240\uff0c\u5b66\u751f1052\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u89e3\u653e\u524d\u5404\u5730\u7acb\u6848\u7684\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u6240\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u5b66<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/strong>\u5b81\u6ce2\u6bd3\u624d\u4e2d\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u6e05\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74(1902)\u521d\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u4ee3\u7267\u8d75\u4fdd\u7984\u4e3b\u6559\u4e3a\u5728\u752c\u529e\u5b66\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u5411\u6cd5\u56fd\u4fee\u4f1a\u603b\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6d3e\u4f1a\u58eb\u6765\u752c\u529e\u5b66\u3002\u7ecf\u6570\u5ea6\u8054\u7edc\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u5723\u6bcd\u5c0f\u6606\u4ef2\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u7531\u65e9\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u5723\u6bcd\u5c0f\u6606\u4ef2\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e3a\u671f5\u5e74\u7684\u529e\u5b66\u5951\u7ea6\u3002\u5951\u7ea6\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0f\u6606\u4ef2\u4f1a\u6d3e\u90635\u4eba\u5230\u752c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e00\u5207\u6821\u52a1\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u4e8b\u9879\u3002\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f9b\u5e94\u4f4f\u5bbf\uff0c\u652f\u4ed8\u85aa\u6c34(\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u5e741000\u6cd5\u90ce\u548c\u6d25\u8d34300\u6cd5\u90ce)\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ecf\u4e0a\u6d77\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\u7684\u65c5\u8d39\u53ca\u5728\u6821\u5185\u4e00\u5207\u5f00\u652f\u3002   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74(1903)\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u5e02\u533a\u8349\u9a6c\u8def\u6cd7\u6d32\u8def\u5efa\u9020\u6821\u820d\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\uff0c\u8017\u8d444\u4e07\u7684\u4e09\u5c42\u697c\u843d\u6210\uff0c\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3a\u4e2d\u897f\u6bd3\u624d\u5b66\u5802\u3002\u6821\u820d\u521a\u5f00\u5de5\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c0f\u6606\u4ef2\u4f1a\u5c31\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\u5148\u6d3e\u9063\u526f\u4f1a\u957f\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u53ca\u4f1a\u58eb2\u4eba\u5230\u752c\uff0c\u65f6\u6821\u820d\u672a\u6210\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u6682\u501f\u836f\u884c\u8857\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5f00\u5b66\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u751f13\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d10\u4eba\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u30013\u4eba\u5b66\u6cd5\u8bed\u3002\u56db\u6708\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u9996\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u738b\u5b89\u742a\u4ece\u5317\u4eac\u5230\u752c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe9\u4eba\u4e5f\u5982\u7ea6\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u589e\u81f320\u4eba\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u8fc1\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\u6c5f\u5317\u5cb8\u65b0\u843d\u6210\u6821\u820d\u4e0a\u8bfe\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6709\u6559\u4e49\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u3001\u6cd5\u6587\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5b66\u6821\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u63a7\u5236\u6781\u4e25\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6001\u5ea6\u751f\u786c\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u56fd\u4eba\u6559\u5e08\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u98ce\u6f6e\u65f6\u8d77\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74(1906)\u516d\u6708\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u738b\u5b89\u742a\u7533\u8bf7\u8f9e\u804c\u3002\u4e5d\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u5df4\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u7ee7\u4efb\uff0c\u7fcc\u5e74(1907)\u5e95\u4ea6\u8f9e\u804c\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74(1908)\u4e8c\u6708\uff0c\u5112\u7406\u5b89\u51fa\u4efb\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u65f6\u5728\u6821\u5b66\u751f\u53ea\u670942\u4eba\u3002\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5112\u7406\u5b89\u6821\u957f\u63d0\u51fa\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6d77\u5723\u6bcd\u5c0f\u6606\u4ef2\u4f1a\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u4ea6\u6ee1\u671f\u3002\u6821\u65b9\u4e8e\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u516b\u65e5\u901a\u77e5\u5e08\u751f\uff0c\u4e0b\u5b66\u671f\u5b66\u6821\u505c\u529e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5ba3\u7edf\u5143\u5e74(1909)\u4e8c\u6708\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u8c03\u8862\u5dde\u4e2d\u6cd5\u5b66\u5802\u6821\u957f\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u4f1a\u58eb\u548c\u5b89\u5f53\u4efb\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u529e\u3002\u548c\u5b89\u5f53\u672c\u6765\u5bf9\u8be5\u5b66\u6821\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u53ea\u4e3a\u5949\u4ee4\u88ab\u8feb\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4e0a\u4efb\u540e\u4e0e\u6c5f\u5317\u5802\u5b59\u5112\u671b\u795e\u7236\u5e72\u9884\u5b66\u6821\u884c\u653f\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e8e\u516b\u6708\u5341\u516b\u65e5\u4e0a\u4e66\u4e3b\u6559\u575a\u8f9e\u6821\u957f\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u5341\u4e00\u6708\uff0c\u548c\u5b89\u5f53\u8c03\u5f80\u676d\u5dde\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u53ea\u590d\u8bfe\u534a\u5e74\u53c8\u505c\u529e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u4fee\u9662\u6267\u4e8b\u548c\u5907\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u8fc1\u5165\u8be5\u6821\uff0c\u7531\u795e\u7236\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u57f9\u517b\u4fee\u9662\u9884\u5907\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u9664\u4e2d\u6587\u5916\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u5916\u8bed\u3001\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u5730\u7406\u7b49\u3002\u5ba3\u7edf\u4e09\u5e74(1911)\u4e09\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\u795e\u7236\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u3001\u6c88\u6bc5\u81e3\u795e\u7236\u4efb\u526f\u6821\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6c11\u56fd\u56db\u5e74(1915)\u521d\uff0c\u80e1\u82e5\u5c71\u8c03\u4efb\u6c5f\u5317\u672c\u5802\uff0c\u7531\u5927\u4fee\u9662\u9662\u957f\u6234\u5b89\u5fb7\u517c\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\u5927\u4fee\u9662\u8fc1\u5230\u65b0\u843d\u6210\u9662\u820d\uff0c\u7531\u6c88\u6bc5\u81e3\u795e\u7236\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516d\u5e74(1927)\u5317\u4f10\u6218\u4e89\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u519b\u5360\u9886\u5b81\u6ce2\u540e\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u53c8\u505c\u529e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74(1945)8\u6708\uff0c\u6559\u533a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6062\u590d\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u8058\u8bf7\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u752c\u7c4d\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u535a\u58eb\u90b5\u89c4\u7956\u4e3a\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u65bd\u4f2f\u5e90\u4e3a\u7f72\u7406\u6821\u957f\u3002\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6821\u8463\u4f1a\uff0c\u8058\u8bf7\u6234\u5b89\u5fb7\u3001\u5468\u5927\u70c8\u3001\u6c6a\u7115\u7ae0\u3001\u51af\u7eaf\u9986\u3001\u91d1\u81fb\u5ea0\u4e3a\u6821\u8463\uff0c\u5468\u5927\u70c8\u4efb\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u3002\u6559\u533a\u62e8\u52a9\u6731\u5bb6\u5c16\u5730\u4ea71000\u4ea9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u6821\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u6539\u6821\u540d\u4e3a\u76ca\u4e09\u521d\u4e2d\u30029\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u62db\u751f\uff0c\u5206\u7537\u5973\u4e24\u90e8\uff0c\u5973\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u62ef\u7075\u4f1a\u603b\u9662\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u5b66\u751f\u4e8c\u4e09\u767e\u540d\u3002\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5730\u9752\u5e74\u5b66\u751f\u5230\u752c\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\u589e\u6dfb\u9ad8\u4e00\u73ed\uff0c\u62db\u6536\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u540d\u9752\u5e74\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u79cb\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u83b7\u7701\u6559\u80b2\u5385\u7acb\u6848\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u76ca\u4e09\u521d\u7ea7\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u7531\u8212\u5176\u8c01\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u30021949\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u6821\u5e76\u5165\u6d59\u4e1c\u4e2d\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u676d\u5dde\u5ef7\u7b60\u4e2d\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081947\uff09\u79cb\u521b\u529e\uff0c\u4e3a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u676d\u5dde\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f00\u6559\u5143\u8001\u2014\u2014\u6768\u5ef7\u7b60\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5ef7\u7b60\u4e2d\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u5728\u767e\u4e95\u574a\u5df7\u7684\u539f\u5723\u6bcd\u65e0\u539f\u7f6a\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u697c\u30021949\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u7ecf\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u6279\u51c6\u7acb\u6848\u3002\u540e\u56e0\u73ed\u7ea7\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u6559\u5ba4\u4e0d\u6577\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53c8\u5efa\u4e86\u65b0\u6821\u820d\u30021950\u5e7411\u6708\u7edf\u8ba1\uff1a\u67096\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\uff0c\u6559\u804c\u545811\u4eba\uff0c\u5b66\u751f173\u4eba\u30021952\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u5ef6\u5b89\u4e2d\u5b66\u3002\u73b0\u540d\u4e3a\u51e4\u8d77\u4e2d\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e2d\u5b66\u8fd8\u6709\uff1a\u5609\u5174\u660e\u5fb7\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u5609\u5584\u7c7b\u601d\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u5e73\u6e56\u5149\u542f\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0a\u865e\u4e2d\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u7ecd\u5174\u4e2d\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8862\u5dde\u4e2d\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5c0f\u5b66<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u6e05\u54b8\u4e30\u4e5d\u5e74(1860)\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u836f\u884c\u8857\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u521b\u529e\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u5b81\u6ce2\u5e02\u836f\u884c\u8857\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4fdd\u7984\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u5750\u843d\u5728\u6e29\u5dde\u5e02\u533a\u5468\u5b85\u7960\u5df7\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5185\uff0c\u521d\u79f0\u4fdd\u7984\u4e66\u9662\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u56db\u5e74(1878)\u5f00\u529e\uff0c\u6559\u4e60\u7ecf\u8a00\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74(1886)\u6b63\u5f0f\u5efa\u6821\uff0c\u9996\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u5085\u8c8c\u7984\u795e\u7236(\u5e38\u5c71\u4eba)\uff0c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081888\uff09\uff0c\u5b66\u751f74\u4eba\u300210\u5e74\u540e\u5973\u5b50\u90e8\u8fc1\u81f3\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5bf9\u9762\u4ec1\u6148\u5802\u5185\u65b0\u6821\u820d\uff0c\u4ea4\u62ef\u7075\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u5973\u751f88\u4eba\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081948\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7acb\u6848\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u6c6a\u9e23\u768b\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u5b66\u751f200\u4f59\u4eba\u30021951\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u529e\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u4fe1\u6cb3\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7ecd\u5174\u57f9\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u6821\u5740\u5728\u7ecd\u5174\u57ce\u533a\u516b\u5b57\u6865\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u5185\u3002\u6e05\u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74(1907)\u8bbe\u7acb\u3002\u521d\u79f0\u57f9\u5fb7\u4e2d\u897f\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8bbe\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bfe\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5143\u5e74(1912)\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u57f9\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u505c\u5f00\u5916\u8bed\u8bfe\u3002\u6559\u53cb\u5b50\u5973\u53ef\u7533\u8bf7\u51cf\u514d\u5b66\u8d39\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u4e3b\u65e5\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4e0b\u5348\u8bfe\u540e\uff0c\u987b\u8bfb30\u5206\u949f\u7ecf\u6587\u30021951\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u516b\u5b57\u6865\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5b81\u6ce2\u57f9\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u6c11\u56fd\u5143\u5e74(1912)\u521b\u529e\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u6c5f\u5317\u5cb8\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5185\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u5b81\u6ce2\u5e02\u4e2d\u9a6c\u8def\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/strong>\u5e73\u9633\u4e00\u6cc9\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u56e0\u6821\u9662\u540e\u7684\u201c\u6606\u9633\u7b2c\u4e00\u6cc9\u201d\u4e95\u800c\u5f97\u540d\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081924\uff09\uff0c\u6269\u5efa\u539f\u7ecf\u8a00\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6539\u529e\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u7acb\u6848\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u82cf\u5e0c\u8fbe\u795e\u7236(\u9ec4\u5ca9\u4eba)\u3002\u4e3a\u6e29\u5dde\u7acb\u6848\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081933\uff09\u5723\u8bde\u8282\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u697c\u88ab\u711a\u6bc1\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u6269\u5927\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u589e\u5f00\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\u73ed\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5e73\u9633\u53bf\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5ea7\u5b8c\u5c0f\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u7ea6250\u4eba\u30021951\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

   <\/strong> <\/strong>\u589e\u7235\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u5728\u6e29\u5dde\u5e02\u533a\u5927\u58eb\u95e8\u7aa6\u5987\u6865\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u5e74\uff081921\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u8d2d\u5730\uff1b\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u6210\u5f00\u5b66\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u589e\u7235\u4e2d\u5b66\u3002\u6821\u957f\u6797\u82b3\u8c37\u795e\u7236(\u6cd5\u7c4d)\u3002\u4e00\u5b66\u671f\u540e\u56e0\u6545\u505c\u529e\u3002\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081929\uff09\uff0c\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u4f5c\u65f6\u75ab\u533b\u9662\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081934\uff09\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u6709\uff1a\u6559\u5f92\u6731\u9192\u521d\u3001\u80e1\u79c0\u7389\u3001\u6c88\u901a\uff0c\u9a7b\u6821\u795e\u7236\u6709\uff1a\u8c22\u62e5\u4e09\u3001\u859b\u67cf\u9732\u3001\u5434\u5e0c\u5929\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u81f3\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081945-1948\uff09\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u4e3a\u8521\u53d4\u6bc5\u795e\u7236\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081948\uff09\uff0c\u738b\u76ca\u9a8f\u795e\u7236\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u30021951\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u529e\u3002\u73b0\u6269\u5927\u4e3a\u6e29\u5dde\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6d77\u661f\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081928\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u4ec1\u7231\u4f1a\u4e3b\u529e\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u949f\u7ef4\u5e06\uff0c\u5730\u70b9\u5728\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u533a\u5200\u8305\u5df7177\u53f7\u30021950\u5e74\uff0c\u67097\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\uff0c\u6559\u804c\u545810\u4eba\uff0c\u5b66\u751f248\u4eba\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u5b66\u8d39\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e88\u9002\u5f53\u8865\u8d34\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/u><\/strong>\u676d\u5dde\u5723\u5fc3\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081934\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u6559\u533a\u8036\u7a23\u5723\u5fc3\u4fee\u5973\u4f1a\u4e3b\u529e\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u7fc1\u6c38\u5e08\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u5728\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u533a\u7cae\u9053\u5c7125\u53f7\u30021950\u5e74\uff0c\u67094\u4e2a\u73ed\uff0c\u6559\u54585\u4eba\uff0c\u5b66\u751f101\u4eba\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u5b66\u8d39\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e88\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u8865\u8d34\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6d77\u95e8\u5723\u5fc3\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u>  <\/strong>\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081929\uff09\u5f00\u529e\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u5468\u5d07\u4e00\uff0c\u6559\u5e0810\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u5bb6\u5ead\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u96be\u8005\uff0c\u5b66\u6742\u8d39\u914c\u51cf\uff1b\u7279\u6b8a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u514d\u8d39\u4f9b\u81b3\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6cbb\u6821\u4e25\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u8ba4\u771f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u58f0\u8a89\u9ad8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5165\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u5e74\u4ff1\u589e\u30021932\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u5efa\u9020\u53f0\u5dde\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u4e3b\u6559\u5e9c\uff0c\u5c06\u5723\u5fc3\u68219\u95f4\u697c\u62c6\u8fc1\u81f3\u65b0\u5899\u91cc\u3002(\u4eca\u80b2\u624d\u6821\u5740)\u5750\u5317\u671d\u5357\uff0c\u6539\u5efa\u4e00\u5e62\u201d\u51f9\u5f62\u76843\u5c42\u697c\u3002\u697c\u524d\u662f\u5bbd\u5e7f\u7684\u64cd\u573a\uff0c\u573a\u4e2d\u7ad6\u7acb\u4e00\u5c0a\u9762\u5317\u7684\u6148\u7965\u5723\u6bcd\u50cf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u6821\u820d\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u73af\u5883\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u5165\u5b66\u8005\u7eb7\u81f3\u6c93\u6765\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\u73ed\u7ea7\u548c\u589e\u8058\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u6d77\u95e8\u9887\u5177\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081937\uff09\uff0c\u53d7\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u5f71\u54cd\u505c\u529e\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081945\uff099\u6708\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u540e\u590d\u6821\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u4e3a\u738b\u5b66\u6c34(\u738b\u5929\u4e91)\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u9274\u4e8e\u7269\u4ef7\u98de\u6da8\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6559\u5e08\u751f\u6d3b\u5f85\u9047\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u5927\u7c73\u3001\u91d1\u5b50\u3001\u68c9\u7eb1\u4e3a\u51c6\u7684\u5b9e\u7269\u8ba1\u916c\u5236(\u5f53\u65f61\u5305\u7c73\uff1d1\u94b1\u91d1\uff1d1\u5305\u68c9\u7eb1)\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u5bf9\u6b64\u5341\u5206\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081948\uff09\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u9644\u8bbe\u5c0f\u5b66\u90e8\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u4e3a\u5f20\u6587\u723d\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u80b2\u624d\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5ef7\u7b60\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u676d\u5dde\u5ef7\u7b60\u5c0f\u5b66\u662f\u5ef7\u7b60\u4e2d\u5b66\u521b\u529e\u540e\u521b\u529e\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u8bbe\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u676d\u5dde\u5ef7\u7b60\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u4e3a\u9676\u82e5\u5eb5\u3002\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5b66\u8d39\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e88\u2014\u5b9a\u7684\u8865\u52a9\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081950\uff09\u5e74\uff0c\u67096\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\uff0c\u6559\u804c\u545810\u4eba\uff0c\u5b66\u751f325\u4eba\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6dc7\u56ed\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081935\uff09\u521b\u529e\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u4e3a\u738b\u514b\u8c26\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u4eca\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u533a\u767e\u4e95\u574a\u5df7\u4e2d\u5317\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081950\uff09\uff0c\u67098\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\uff0c\u6559\u804c\u545810\u4eba\uff0c\u5b66\u751f304\u4eba\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/strong>\u6bd3\u624d\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>  \u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516d\u5e74(1927)\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u6bd3\u624d\u4e2d\u5b66\u505c\u529e\u540e\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u51e0\u4e2a\u75c5\u8001\u795e\u7236\u8fc1\u5165\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd7\u6d32\u5858\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6559\u5f92\u5b50\u5973\u5728\u6b64\u5b66\u4e60\u7ecf\u8a00\u6559\u7406\uff0c\u517c\u8bfb\u8bed\u6587\u3001\u5e38\u8bc6\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u7b49\u8bfe\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5c0f\u5b66\u96cf\u5f62\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74(1935)\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5c0f\u4fee\u9662\u795e\u7236\u9648\u96c4\u4e3a\u5230\u6b64\u5f00\u529e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u767b\u8bb0\u5907\u6848\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74(1940)\uff0c\u7531\u4e01\u83ca\u8d1e\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u3002\u752c\u57ce\u6ca6\u9677\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u505c\u529e\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74(1945)\u590d\u6821\uff0c\u4ecd\u7531\u4e01\u83ca\u8d1e\u4efb\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u89e3\u653e\u540e\u505c\u529e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8bda\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u> <\/strong>  \u4eca\u82cd\u5357\u53bf\u94b1\u5e93\uff0c\u6c38\u5609\u4e95\u5934\u4eba\u859b\u67cf\u9732\u795e\u7236\u521b\u529e\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081937\uff09\u7acb\u6848\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff081941\uff09\u505c\u529e\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081945\uff09\u590d\u6821\uff0c\u67096\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\uff0c\u5b66\u751f200\u4f59\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/strong>\u4e7e\u9149\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>   \u539f\u540d\u4e09\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u4e50\u6e05\u53bf\u8679\u6865\u9547\u3002\u6c11\u95f4\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081939\uff09\u5f00\u529e\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081942\uff09\u505c\u529e\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081945\uff09\u6559\u5f92\u9648\u4fca\u751f\u635020\u4ea9\u79df\u8c37\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u7236\u540d\u6539\u79f0\u4e7e\u897f\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u91cd\u5f004\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\uff0c\u5b66\u751f100\u4f59\u4eba\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/strong>\u6c38\u5f3a\u6587\u5fc3\u5c0f\u5b66<\/u><\/strong>   \u5728\u4eca\u74ef\u6d77\u6c38\u4e2d\u9547\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e05\u672b\u6c11\u521d\u7684\u4e66\u9662\u4e3a\u524d\u8eab\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081940\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u6821\u820d\u843d\u6210\uff0c\u62df\u529e\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u6545\u672b\u679c\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081947\uff09\uff0c\u6539\u529e\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u67094\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\uff0c\u5b66\u751f100\u4f59\u4eba\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u7701\u5185\u5404\u5730\u529e\u7684\u5c0f\u5b66\u8fd8\u6709\uff1a\u676d\u5dde\u7684\u6dc7\u56ed\u4e00\u6821(\u7537\u6821)\u3001\u6dc7\u56ed\u4e8c\u6821(\u5973\u6821)\u3001\u6dc7\u56ed\u4e09\u6821\uff0c\u4f59\u676d\u4e34\u5e73\u7684\u542f\u609f\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u660c\u5316\u4e94\u90fd\u7684\u5174\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u4e8e\u6f5c\u7684\u82e5\u7ff0\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u5efa\u5fb7\u7684\u65b0\u6c11\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u9042\u5b89\u7684\u5fb7\u5174\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u6df3\u5b89\u7684\u6c42\u77e5\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u6e56\u5dde\u7684\u666f\u884c\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u5609\u5584\u7684\u7c7b\u601d\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u5609\u5174\u7684\u660e\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u5e73\u6e56\u7684\u65b0\u57ed\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u6d77\u5b81\u7684\u8f66\u8f90\u6d5c\u73ab\u7470\u5c0f\u5b66(\u5f20\u5bb6\u573a\u3001\u4e4c\u8239\u6751\u3001\u9488\u6cfe\u6865\u3001\u82b1\u56ed\u574e\u3001\u82f1\u5bb6\u6751\u3001\u6797\u5bb6\u6e7e\u5747\u8bbe\u5206\u6821)\u3001\u5b8b\u5bb6\u573a\u82e5\u745f\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u65bd\u5bb6\u573a\u5584\u5bfc\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u8f66\u53cc\u97f3\u5802\u535a\u7231\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u91d1\u534e\u7684\u5bfc\u6b63\u5c0f\u5b66(\u7537\u6821)\u3001\u6bd3\u79c0\u5c0f\u5b66(\u5973\u6821)\uff0c\u9f99\u6e38\u7684\u6bd3\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u6a2a\u5c71\u6a2a\u5cf0\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u8862\u5dde\u7684\u5e9c\u5c71\u542f\u609f\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u5927\u6d32\u82e5\u745f\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u822a\u57e0\u56fd\u6c11\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u9ebb\u84ec\u57f9\u4fe1\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u6c5f\u5c71\u7684\u82e5\u745f\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u5e38\u5c71\u7684\u8fbe\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u4f59\u59da\u7684\u4e09\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u4ec1\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u5d4a\u53bf\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u65b0\u660c\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u4e34\u6d77\u7684\u539a\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed9\u5c45\u7684\u6aa0\u5149\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u5929\u53f0\u7684\u5149\u542f\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u529e\u5b66\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4f20\u6388\u6587\u5316\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5411\u6559\u5f92\u5b50\u5f1f\u4f20\u6388\u5723\u7ecf\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u636e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5e74(1876)\uff0c\u53f0\u5dde\u5c31\u6709\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f0f\u7acb\u6848\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u68215\u6240\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u529e\u5b66\u7684\u662f\u6805\u6865\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516b\u5e74(1929)\uff0c\u6d77\u95e8\u5802\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u529e\u5723\u5fc3\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u540e\u7acb\u6848\u79f0\u9ec4\u5ca9\u53bf\u6d77\u95e8\u9547\u79c1\u7acb\u5723\u5fc3\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74(1945)\uff0c\u589e\u8bbe\u5723\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5b66\u73ed\uff1b\u4e34\u6d77\u5802\u521b\u529e\u539f\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66\uff1b\u5927\u56ed\u5802\u4e5f\u5f00\u529e\u8fc7\u5c0f\u5b66\uff1b\u5929\u53f0\u5802\u5f00\u529e\u5149\u542f\u5c0f\u5b66\uff1b\u4ed9\u5c45\u5802\u5f00\u529e\u6aa0\u5149\u5c0f\u5b66\uff1b\u9ec4\u5ca9\u5802\u521b\u7acb\u5a74\u5fb7\u5c0f\u5b66(1938)\uff1b\u6e29\u5cad\u65b0\u6cb3\u5802\u5f00\u529e\u201c\u7ecf\u8a00\u73ed\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u3001\u804c\u6821<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u676d\u5dde\u4ec1\u7231\u62a4\u58eb\u5b66\u6821<\/strong>   \u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081928\uff09\u521b\u529e\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u5434\u6e0a\u8f89\uff0c\u6821\u5740\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u533a\u5200\u8305\u5df7177\u53f7\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u7ecf\u8d39\u7531\u676d\u5dde\u4ec1\u7231\u533b\u9662\u63d0\u4f9b\u30021950\u5e74\uff0c\u67092\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\uff0c\u6559\u804c\u545811\u4eba\uff0c\u5b66\u751f57\u4eba\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282<\/strong> <\/strong>\u533b\u9662\u8bca\u6240<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u676d\u5dde\u4ec1\u7231\u533b\u9662<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081927\uff09\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4ec1\u7231\u4fee\u5973\u4f1a\u5728\u676d\u5dde\u5200\u8305\u5df7\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5df7222\u53f7\u5904\u8d2d\u573055\uff0e049\u4ea9\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u9020\u533b\u9662\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u529e\uff0c\u5b9a\u540d\u4ec1\u7231\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u5916\u6587\u79f0\u201c\u5723\u5fc3\u533b\u9662\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8be5\u9662\u521b\u529e\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u90dd\u683c\u808b(Hacard)\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4ec1\u7231\u4fee\u5973\u53d8\u5356\u5bb6\u4ea7\u6350\u732e\u7684\u3002\u533b\u9662\u5efa\u67092\u5c42\u697c\u623f2\u5e62\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u7537\u5973\u75c5\u623f\uff0cX\u5149\u5ba41\u5904\uff0c\u5408\u8ba148\u95f4\uff1b\u53e6\u6709\u514d\u8d39\u75c5\u623f1l\u95f4\uff0c\u65bd\u8bca\u6240\u697c\u623f1\u5e6223\u95f4\uff0c\u533b\u5e08\u4f4f\u5b8512\u95f4\uff0c\u4fee\u59732\u5c42\u697c\u623f1\u5e6226\u95f4\uff0c\u5723\u58021\u5ea77\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u8bbe\u6d77\u661f\u5c0f\u5b66\u548c\u4ec1\u7231\u9ad8\u7ea7\u62a4\u58eb\u5b66\u6821\u54041\u624068\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u9662\u957f\u662f\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\uff0c\u4ec1\u7231\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\u5b59\u5112\u7406\uff0c\u53ea\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u5c31\u88ab\u8c03\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u7c4d\u4ec1\u7231\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\u675c\u59c6\u59c6(Dupois)\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e5f\u8c03\u8d70\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u4efb\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7c4d\u5f6d\u59c6\u59c6(Apolline Bowlpy)\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u66fe\u4f5c\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u745e\u58eb\u9886\u4e8b\u592b\u4eba\uff0c\u7231\u4eba\u4ea1\u6545\uff0c\u5165\u4ec1\u7231\u4f1a\u5f53\u4fee\u5973\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5bb6\u4ea7\u3002\u5979\u4e0a\u4efb\u65f6\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u53ea\u5efa\u6709\u4fee\u5973\u697c\u623f\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u75c5\u623f\u697c\u548c\u533b\u5e08\u4f4f\u5b854\u5e62\u623f\u5c4b\u3001\u5723\u5802\u53caX\u5149\u5ba4\u3001\u65bd\u8bca\u6240\u697c\u623f\u3001\u514d\u8d39\u75c5\u623f\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5979\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u3002\u75c5\u5e8a\u589e\u52a0\u5230100\u591a\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5f00\u521b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\u533b\u5e08\u662f\u6768\u58eb\u8fbe\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3001\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u533b\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u533b\u4e13\u6559\u6388\u3001\u533b\u9662\u5916\u79d1\u517cX\u5149\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081937\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\u662f\u676d\u5dde\u4eba\u66f9\u58eb\u701b\uff0c\u4e94\u5b98\u79d1\u662f\u56db\u5ddd\u4eba\u8d75\u884c\u6e0a\u533b\u5e08\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u4e3b\u4efb\u533b\u5e08\u662f\u848b\u6842\u751f\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081946\uff09\u79cb\u79bb\u53bb\u3002\u65e5\u519b\u4fb5\u5360\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u540e\uff0c\u5f6d\u59c6\u59c6\u4e8e\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081942\uff09\u88ab\u8feb\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u603b\u9662\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u75c5\u6545\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6731\u4eba\u4f1f\u533b\u5e08\u53c2\u52a0\u533b\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\ue004<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7b2c\u56db\u4efb\u9662\u957f\u662f\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7c4d\u4fee\u5973\u548c\u7231\u6d01(Vulcsik)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u662f\u8f74\u5fc3\u56fd\u53cb\u90a6\u4fa8\u6c11\uff0c\u4eab\u6709\u5728\u5185\u5730\u5c45\u4f4f\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u533b\u9662\u5bb6\u957f\u5f0f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081947\uff091\u6708\uff0c\u8058\u8bf7\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u5434\u4e49\u5d07\u4e3a\u9662\u957f\u517c\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u6731\u4eba\u4f1f\u4efb\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u6731\u9521\u938f\u4efb\u4e94\u5b98\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u9ec4\u6210\u67f1\u4efbX\u5149\u533b\u5e08\u3002\u540e\u53c8\u8bbe\u533b\u9662\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u80e1\u6d77\u79cb\u4efb\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\uff0c\u8463\u4e8b\u6709\uff1a\u676d\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4e3b\u6559\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u6885\u5360\u9b41\u3001\u676d\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4f1a\u8ba1\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u548c\u98ce\u545c(Classen)\u3001\u548c\u7231\u6d01\u4fee\u5973\u3001\u5434\u4e49\u5d07\u9662\u957f\u548c\u738b\u514b\u8c26\u795e\u72365\u4eba\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081948\uff09\uff0c\u5434\u4e49\u5d07\u79bb\u9662\uff0c\u8d74\u82f1\u56fd\u6df1\u9020\uff0c\u7531\u6731\u4eba\u4f1f\u4efb\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u9648\u666f\u534e\u4efb\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u59d3\u5468\u7684\u4efb\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u6731\u9521\u938f\u3001\u9ec4\u6210\u67f1\u7ee7\u4efb\u539f\u804c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u8d27\u5e01\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u7269\u4ef7\u66b4\u6da8\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u4e1a\u52a1\u6e05\u6de1\uff0c\u804c\u5de5\u751f\u6d3b\u62ee\u636e\uff0c\u7ecf\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4e0e\u804c\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u5546\u8bae\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u52a0\u85aa\uff0c\u4f46\u676f\u6c34\u8f66\u85aa\uff0c\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u30021949\u5e74\u676d\u5dde\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u80e1\u6d77\u79cb\u8bf7\u793a\u676d\u5dde\u526f\u5e02\u957f\u9648\u793c\u8282\u540e\uff0c\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u30021950\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u676d\u5dde\u533b\u9662\u738b\u5386\u754a\u9662\u957f\u7684\u6307\u70b9\uff0c\u8058\u8bf7\u6e29\u5dde\u4eba\u77f3\u534e\u7389\u533b\u5e08\u51fa\u4efb\u4ec1\u7231\u533b\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3002\u77f3\u533b\u5e08\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u745e\u58eb\uff0c\u662f\u8bca\u6cbb\u80f8\u8154\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u540d\u533b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4efb\u5b69\u513f\u5df7\u533b\u9662\u4e3b\u4efb\u533b\u5e08\u3002\u77f3\u534e\u7389\u4efb\u9662\u957f\u517c\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u9648\u666f\u534e\u548c\u9ec4\u6210\u67f1\u4ecd\u4efb\u539f\u804c\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u6731\u4e4b\u5cf0\u3001\u9648\u94ff\u7b49\u533b\u5e08\u3002\u5f53\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u804c\u5de5\u518d\u6b21\u8981\u6c42\u52a0\u85aa\uff0c7\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u53ec\u5f00\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u518d\u6b21\u589e\u52a0\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u6b21\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u9664\u8463\u4e8b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5e7f\u6d4e\u533b\u9662\u9662\u957f\u82cf\u8fbe\u7acb(\u82f1\u7c4dM\u00b7Sturtun)\u3001\u5e7f\u6d4e\u533b\u9662\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\u798f\u5efa\u4eba\u4f59\u6587\u5149\u3001\u676d\u5dde\u533b\u9662\u9662\u957f\u738b\u5386\u754a\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u536b\u751f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9662\u9662\u957f\u6d2a\u5f0f\u95fe\u30028\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u804c\u5de5\u8981\u6c42\u64a4\u6362\u77f3\u534e\u7389\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u6321\u9a7e\u9662\u957f\u529e\u516c\uff1b\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u9662\u957f\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u80e1\u6d77\u79cb\u4e5f\u8f9e\u53bb\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u9662\u957f\u7531\u6731\u4eba\u4f1f\u7ee7\u4efb\u30021950\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u9891\u4e34\u5012\u95ed\uff1b12\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u751f\u8def\u6551\u6d4e\u5206\u4f1a\u5185\uff0c\u7531\u6c11\u653f\u5c40\u5c40\u957f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u4f1a\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u5206\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u51af\u840c\u4e1c\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5230\u4f1a\u7684\u6709\u9a6c\u6587\u8f66\u3001\u80e1\u6d77\u79cb\u3001\u738b\u5386\u754a\u3001\u738b\u514b\u8c26\u3001\u4fee\u5973\u91d1\u4f69\u662d\u3001\u533b\u9662\u4e00\u4f4d\u533b\u5e08\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u804c\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u51af\u840c\u4e1c\u5ba3\u5e03\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u63a5\u7ba1\u4ec1\u7231\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u533b\u5e08\u804c\u5de5\u5168\u90e8\u7559\u7528\uff1b\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba8\u8bba\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u5212\u51fa\u4ec1\u7231\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\u4f4f\u5b852\u5c42\u697c1\u5e62\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u9662\u5185\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u81ea\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u5168\u5212\u4e3a\u533b\u9662\u4f7f\u7528\u30021951\u5e741\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u7531\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u6551\u6d4e\u5206\u4f1a\u63a5\u7ba1\u5178\u793c\uff0c\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u51af\u840c\u4e1c\u5ba3\u5e03\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1951\u5e743\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u51af\u840c\u4e1c\u53c8\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u9a6c\u6587\u8f66\u3001\u738b\u5386\u754a\u3001\u80e1\u6d77\u79cb\u3001\u674e\u4ee3\u8015\u3001\u738b\u514b\u8c26\u3001\u4fee\u5973\u91d1\u4f69\u662d\u7b49\u51fa\u5e2d\uff0c\u51af\u840c\u4e1c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4f1a\u8bae\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u4ec1\u7231\u533b\u9662\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u4ecd\u5f52\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u4ec1\u7231\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u7531\u676d\u5dde\u6551\u6d4e\u5206\u4f1a\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ea4\u7531\u5e02\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u529e\u7406\uff1b\u539f\u5728\u9662\u804c\u5458\u4ecd\u7559\u7528\uff1b\u73b0\u5df2\u8058\u8bf7\u738b\u5386\u754a\u4e3a\u8be5\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3001\u59da\u9e4f\u98de\u4e3a\u534f\u7406\u5458\u7b49\u3002\u201d\u5e76\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u533b\u9662\u201d\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\u5c06\u533b\u9662\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\uff0c\u6545\u53c8\u6539\u79f0\u201c\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u201d\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u7ea2\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6e29\u5dde\u8463\u82e5\u671b\u533b\u9662<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u56db\u3001\u5b81\u6ce2\u666e\u6d4e\u9662<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u9662\u5185\u5206\u8bbe7\u4e2a\u5206\u90e8\uff0c\u5373\u5b89\u8001\u9662\uff0c\u6536\u7559\u5b64\u5be1\u8d2b\u82e6\u8001\u800c\u65e0\u4f9d\u9760\u8005\uff1b\u6b8b\u5e9f\u9662\uff0c\u6536\u517b\u54d1\u804b\u3001\u77bd\u76f2\u3001\u8ddb\u9a7c\u3001\u75af\u762b\u800c\u8c0b\u751f\u65e0\u529b\u8005\uff1b\u75af\u4eba\u9662\uff0c\u6536\u517b\u75af\u72c2\u766b\u75eb\u8005\uff1b\u80b2\u5a74\u9662\uff0c\u6536\u517b\u88ab\u5f03\u7537\u5a74\uff0c\u6216\u5bc4\u4e73\u90bb\u820d\u3001\u6216\u96c7\u4fdd\u59c6\u629a\u517b\uff0c\u5176\u7ecf\u8d39\u5168\u7531\u6b27\u6d32\u5723\u5a74\u603b\u4f1a\u62e8\u52a9\u3002\u5723\u5a74\u603b\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u51e1\u6559\u53cb\u4e0d\u5206\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ea4120\u5143\uff0c\u50a8\u96c6\u6210\u6570\u540e\u6c47\u81f3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u80b2\u5a74\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u6536\u517b\u5a74\u5b69\u7ecf\u8d39\u7686\u5c5e\u6b64\u6b3e\u3002\u5728\u80b2\u5a74\u9662\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u957f\u5927\u540e\u8f6c\u5165\u5b64\u513f\u9662\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u8bfb\u4e66\u8bc6\u5b57\uff0c\u5b66\u505a\u624b\u827a\uff0c\u5230\u80fd\u81ea\u8c0b\u751f\u8def\u65f6\uff0c\u5a5a\u914d\u6210\u5bb6\uff0c\u5916\u51fa\u81ea\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\uff1b\u5de5\u4e1a\u573a\uff1a\u51e1\u5df3\u6210\u5e74\u9752\u5e74\u4e0d\u613f\u79bb\u9662\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u5165\u573a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u89c6\u5de5\u4f5c\u52e4\u594b\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u591a\u5be1\u53d1\u7ed9\u5de5\u8d44\uff1b\u65bd\u533b\u9662\uff1a\u5e38\u5e74\u8058\u8bf7\u533b\u5e081\u4eba\u9a7b\u9662\uff0c\u4e3a\u9662\u4e2d\u75c5\u4eba\u65bd\u8bca\uff0c\u4e0d\u6536\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u75c5\u91cd\u8005\u53ef\u4f4f\u9662\u6cbb\u7597\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u666e\u6d4e\u9662\u8bbe\u9662\u957f1\u4eba\uff0c\u603b\u7ba1\u5168\u9662\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5404\u90e8\u8bbe\u4e3b\u4efb1\u4eba\uff0c\u7763\u5bdf\u672c\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u8bbe\u52a9\u74061\u4eba\uff0c\u5206\u7ba1\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4eba\u5458\u5747\u7531\u4ec1\u7231\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\u62c5\u4efb\u30021951\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u666e\u6d4e\u9662\u7531\u5b81\u6ce2\u5e02\u519b\u4e8b\u7ba1\u5236\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6e29\u5dde\u5b64\u513f\u9662<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c8\u79f0\u5929\u795e\u4f1a\uff0c\u7531\u610f\u7c4d\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u8463\u589e\u5fb7\u521b\u4e8e\u6e05\u5149\u7eea\u516d\u5e74\uff081880\uff09\uff0c\u9996\u4efb\u9662\u957f\u5c71\u83b2\uff0c\u5c3c\u59d1\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u9ec4\u5ca9\u4eba\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081897\uff09\uff0c\u5c91\u5c71\u5bfa\u5df7\u65b0\u9662\u843d\u6210\uff0c\u6539\u7531\u6765\u6e29\u62ef\u7075\u4f1a\u4fee\u5973\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u3001\u57f9\u80b2\uff0c\u957f\u5927\u62e9\u914d\u51fa\u5ac1\u3002\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u66fe\u81ea\u529e\u7ec7\u5e03\u5382\u30021950\u5e74\u505c\u529e\uff0c\u5b64\u5973\u6216\u56de\u5bb6\u6216\u53bb\u5730\u65b9\u5e03\u5382\u300270\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5171\u6536\u517b\u5b64\u5973800\u4f59\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u516d\u3001\u7ecd\u5174\u4ec1\u6148\u5802<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8be5\u5802\u5728\u4eca\u7ecd\u5174\u57ce\u533a\u516b\u5b57\u6865\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u5bf9\u9762\u3002\u6e05\u5ba3\u7edf\u5143\u5e74(1909)\u5efa\uff0c\u5185\u6709\u4fee\u5973\u4f4f\u5b85\u697c\u3001\u5c0f\u6559\u5802\u53ca\u5b64\u5973\u9662\u548c\u5b64\u8001\u9662\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u9762\u79ef512\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5143\u5e74(1912)\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u62ef\u7075\u4f1a\u4fee\u597312\u4eba\u81f3\u7ecd\u5174\u4e3b\u6301\u9662\u52a1\u3002\u7ecf\u8d39\u7531\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u62e8\u7ed9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5b64\u5973\u9662\u4e13\u6536\u5973\u5a74\uff0c\u7531\u5b64\u8001\u5987\u5973\u62a4\u7406\uff0c\u521d\u6536\u5973\u5a74\u7ea620\u540d\u30025\uff5e6\u5c81\u5b66\u7ecf\u6587\u53d7\u6d17\uff0c8\uff5e9\u5c81\u5b66\u7ec7\u82b1\u8fb9\u3001\u7eba\u7eb1\u7ebf\u7b49\uff1b16\uff5e17\u5c81\u9752\u5e74\u4e0e\u6559\u53cb\u6210\u5a5a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5b64\u8001\u9662\u6536\u517b\u5b64\u8001\u6559\u53cb30\u540d\u3002\u4f9b\u81b3\u5bbf\uff0c\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u8863\u4e00\u5957\uff0c\u6b7b\u540e\u6309\u6559\u793c\u5b89\u846c\u30021953\u5e74\uff0c\u505c\u529e\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u5b64\u80015\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e03\u3001\u5b81\u6ce2\u7b2c\u4e09\u96be\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u6240<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74(1946)8\u6708\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u5e02\u533a\u836f\u884c\u8857\u3002\u5438\u65367\u5c81\u81f312\u5c81\u8d2b\u82e6\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u4e0a\u8bfe3\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u8bed\u6587\u3001\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u5e38\u8bc6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u516b\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u9996\u5584\u5802<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e05\u5609\u5e86\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e741819\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u5f25\u5fb7(Louis Lamiot\uff0c1767\u20141831\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba)\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u5efa\u7acb\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u82e5\u745f\u4fee\u9662\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u5e10\u623f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u662f\u9676\u82e5\u7ff0(J\u00b7B\uff0eTorrette\uff0c1801\u20141840\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba)\u3002\ue004<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u54b8\u4e30\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081852\uff09\uff0c\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u5e10\u623f\u4ece\u6fb3\u95e8\u8fc1\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u51e4\u6587\u4efb\u6559\u533a\u5e10\u623f\u3002\u516d\u5e74\uff081856\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u8fc1\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u6cd5\u79df\u754c\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u9996\u5584\u5802\u3002 \u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u6cd5\u79df\u754c\u53f2\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u54b8\u4e30\u4e03\u5e74\uff081857\uff095\u670813\u65e5\u7f16\u5236\u7684\u6709\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7684\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u6709\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u5e10\u623f\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5409\u57c3\u91cc(Guierry)\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u82cf\u51e4\u6587\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \u300a1697\u20141935\u5728\u534e\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u58eb\u540d\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u82cf\u540c\u540d\u7684\u4f1a\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u54b8\u4e30\u4e03\u5e74\uff081857\uff09\uff0c\u9996\u5584\u5802\u5df2\u6709\u5730\u4ea7\u503c1400\u4e24\u94f6\u5143\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6cd5\u79df\u754c\u516c\u8463\u5c40\u8463\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5584\u5802\u7ecf\u8425\u623f\u4ea7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8d2d\u5730\u51fa\u79df\uff0c\u9020\u623f\u4eba\u671f\u6ee1\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u5efa\u7b51\u5168\u5f52\u9996\u5584\u5802\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u79df\u671f\u4ee520\u5e74\u4e3a\u9650\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u8fd8\u53c2\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728\u534e\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u7ba1\u8f96\u7684\u6559\u533a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u9664\u6559\u533a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5916\uff0c\u5168\u7531\u9996\u5584\u5802\u7ba1\u7406\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u6d59\u6c5f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u6caa\u623f\u4ea7\u7684\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u8d48\u6d4e\u707e\u75ab<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74(1907)\uff0c\u4e3d\u6c34\u906d\u9047\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\uff0c\u57ce\u5185230\u6237\u88ab\u6d2a\u6c34\u51b2\u8d70\uff0c3210\u6237\u53d7\u707e\u3002\u51af\u70c8\u9e3f\u795e\u7236\u53c2\u52a0\u8d48\u707e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5230\u4e3d\u6c34\u3001\u9752\u7530\u7ea6300\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u53d1\u653e\u4e864.5\u4e07\u888b\u9762\u7c89\u548c11000\u94f6\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6c11\u56fd\u5143\u5e74(1912)8\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u98d3\u98ce\u5927\u96e8\u88ad\u51fb\u74ef\u62ec\uff0c\u6d2a\u5cf0\u8fbe25\u7c73\uff0c\u4e0a\u81ea\u4e91\u548c\u3001\u4e3d\u6c34\uff0c\u4e0b\u81f3\u9752\u7530\u9e64\u57ce\uff0c\u4e00\u591c\u95f4\u8361\u7136\u65e0\u5b58\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea135\u4e07\u4f59\u4eba\u30029\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u98d3\u98ce\u518d\u6b21\u8086\u8650\uff0c\u98de\u4e91\u6c5f\u548c\u74ef\u6c5f\u4e24\u5cb8\u5404\u4e61\u6751\u4e00\u7247\u6c6a\u6d0b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1931\u4eba\uff0c\u54c0\u9e3f\u904d\u91ce\uff0c\u547c\u5929\u558a\u5730\u3002\u6e29\u5dde\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u7b49\u62e8\u5de8\u6b3e\u6551\u707e\uff0c\u5411\u707e\u6c11\u5206\u53d110\u4e07\u888b\u9762\u7c89\uff0c4\u4e07\u5143\u5927\u6d0b\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u7ec5\u8d48\u6d4e\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u5b98\u7ec5\u8d60\u4ee5\u201c\u60e0\u5468\u74ef\u62ec\u201d\u533e\u989d\u4e00\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6c11\u56fd\u4e5d\u5e74(1920)8\u20149\u6708\uff0c\u98d3\u98ce\u8fed\u81f3\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u4e1c\u5357\u5317\u5404\u4e61\u6210\u4e3a\u6cfd\u56fd\uff0c\u6960\u6eaa\u5c24\u751a\u3002\u4eba\u755c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6570\u5343\uff0c\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u6316\u8349\u98df\u7ce0\uff0c\u7f3a\u8863\u5c11\u88ab\uff0c\u745e\u5b89\u3001\u4e50\u6e05\u3001\u6c38\u5609\u7b49\u53bf\u519c\u6c11\u5916\u51fa\u9003\u8352\u4e5e\u98df\u800510\u4f59\u4e07\u3002\u6e29\u5802\u795e\u7236\u51af\u70c8\u9e3f\u56db\u65b9\u6c42\u63f4\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u6350\u52df\u5230\u897f\u8d21\u7c731200\u888b\uff0c\u94f6\u5e0120\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u5728\u533b\u9662\u7c7b\u65af\u5927\u59c6\u59c6\u548c\u739b\u8389\u59c6\u59c6\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u707e\u6c11\u30021921\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u53c8\u8fd0\u6765\u897f\u8d21\u7c73150\u5428\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5458\u914d\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06100\u5428\u5206\u7ed9\u6c38\u5609\uff0c50\u5428\u5206\u7ed9\u9752\u7530\u3001\u745e\u5b89\u3001\u4e50\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e00\u5e74(1922)8\u670811\u201412\u65e5\uff0c9\u670811\u4e0012\u65e5\u548c29\u201430\u65e5\uff0c\u6e29\u5dde\u5148\u540e3\u6b21\u906d\u53d7\u53f0\u98ce\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u7ecf\u4e0a\u6d77\u56fd\u9645\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u4f1a\u6e29\u5dde\u5206\u4f1a\u7684\u6307\u6d3e\uff0c\u6e29\u5802\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u90ce\u5112\u671b\u548c\u9a6c\u798f\u826f\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8f83\u91cd\u7684\u6c38\u5609\u548c\u4e50\u6e05\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5f00\u5217\u635f\u5931\u62a5\u8868\uff0c\u4e3a\u6c38\u5609\u3001\u4e50\u6e05\u5206\u522b\u7533\u8bf7\u523020\u4e07\u5143\u548c10\u4e07\u5143\u6551\u6d4e\u6b3e\uff1b\u5b81\u6ce2\u6559\u533a\u8fd8\u53e6\u63505080\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u66fe\u4e3a\u6551\u707e\u6177\u6168\u89e3\u56ca\u8005\u5728\u676d\u57ce\u4e2d\u5c71\u516c\u56ed\u523b\u6709\u201c\u5b64\u5c71\u201d\u4e24\u5927\u5b57\u58c1\u4e24\u4fa7\u7b51\u4ead\u7559\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u8d75\u4fdd\u7984\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u6e29\u5dde\u51af\u70c8\u9e3f\u4ead\u6881\u4e0a\u6709\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e09\u5e74(1924)9\u6708\uff0c\u95fd\u6d59\u519b\u9600\u6df7\u6218\uff0c\u519b\u9600\u90dd\u56fd\u73ba\u5360\u636e\u6e29\u5dde\uff0c\u798f\u5efa\u519b\u9600\u5f6d\u5fb7\u94e8\u8fdb\u5165\u5e73\u9633\uff0c\u4e24\u519b\u5bf9\u5792\uff0c\u4e00\u89e6\u5373\u53d1\uff0c\u745e\u5b89\u548c\u6e29\u57ce\u5371\u5728\u65e6\u5915\u3002\u6e29\u5dde\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u3001\u4ec1\u6148\u5802\u3001\u533b\u9662\u548c\u80b2\u5a74\u5802\u5185\u4eba\u5c71\u4eba\u6d77\uff0c\u62e5\u6324\u4e0d\u582a\uff0c\u5168\u662f\u672c\u57ce\u9003\u547d\u7684\u5b98\u7ec5\u548c\u6559\u5185\u5916\u5bcc\u6237\u5bb6\u5c5e\u53ca\u5176\u8d35\u91cd\u8d22\u7269\u3002\u95e8\u53e3\u548c\u5df7\u53e3\u6709\u7d27\u6025\u8d76\u6765\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u201c\u5361\u62c9\u7fc1\u201d\u53f7\u519b\u8230\u58eb\u5175\u628a\u5b88\uff0c\u591c\u95f4\u673a\u67aa\u5c01\u9501\uff0c\u6212\u5907\u68ee\u4e25\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u4e0d\u6d4b\u3002\u9053\u5c39\u548c\u5de8\u7ec5\u5415\u6587\u8d77\u8981\u6c42\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u51af\u70c8\u9e3f\u966a\u5f80\u5e73\u9633\u4e0e\u5f6d\u519b\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u505c\uff0c\u7ec8\u4f7f\u6e29\u57ce\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u6218\u7978\u548c\u62a2\u52ab\u3002\u90dd\u519b\u548c\u5e73\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u5f6d\u519b\u548c\u5e73\u8fc7\u5883\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u5415\u6587\u8d77\u7b49\u7ec5\u58eb\u5411\u6cd5\u56fd\u519b\u8230\u732e\u4e86\u9526\u65d7\uff0c\u5411\u6559\u4f1a\u8d60\u9001\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\u201d\u533e\u989d\u7559\u5ff5\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081926\uff09\uff0c\u4e50\u6e05\u5efa\u767d\u6eaa\u6c34\u575d\uff0c\u74ef\u6d77\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6350\u94f65000\u5143\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u7ec5\u58eb\u7ed9\u6559\u5802\u4e00\u5757\u201c\u4e50\u5584\u597d\u65bd\u201d\u533e\u989d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516b\u5e74(1929)\u590f\u79cb\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u6e29\u57ce\u533b\u9662\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u4ed8\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u60f6\u6025\u4e07\u5206\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5373\u4ee5\u505c\u529e\u7684\u7aa6\u5987\u6865\u589e\u7235\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u820d\u4f5c\u4e34\u65f6\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9662\uff0c\u8bbe\u5e8a\u4f4d80\u591a\u5f20\uff0c\u5e76\u6d3e\u51fa\u7b80\u4f59\u5170\u4e3b\u6301\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u4f7f\u8086\u8650\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u75ab\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6e29\u5dde\u5404\u754c\u7279\u8d60\u9001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u201c\u4e50\u4e0e\u4e3a\u5584\u201d\u533e\u989d\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u793a\u611f\u6fc0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u98ce\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e3a\u707e\uff0c\u7c73\u8d35\u5982\u73e0\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4ece\u56fd\u5916\u8d2d\u5165\u5927\u7c73100\u5428\u4ea4\u5b98\u7ec5\u5e73\u7c9c\uff0c\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e8f\u672c\u6570\u5343\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74(1934)\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u906d\u53d7\u4e25\u91cd\u65f1\u707e\uff0c\u6d77\u5b81\u707e\u60c5\u7279\u522b\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u56db\u5904\u9003\u8352\u3002\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d4e\u751f\u4f1a\u666e\u63d0\u6cd5\u4f1a\u3001\u7ea2\u5350\u5b57\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u8c03\u67e5\u653e\u8d48\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u51fa\u9762\u8058\u8bf7\u6d77\u5b81\u957f\u5b89\u9547\u672c\u5802\u4e01\u61cb\u826f\u795e\u7236\u51fa\u4efb\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u4e01\u4e0e\u53bf\u957f\u6c5f\u6062\u60af\u3001\u7ec5\u58eb\u5f90\u7533\u5982\u53ca\u674e\u4e91\u95e8\u5171\u540c\u5546\u5b9a\uff0c\u5168\u53bf\u52065\u4e2a\u533a\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u53d1\u653e\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u4e01\u795e\u7236\u52303\u4e2a\u533a\uff0c\u53d1\u7ed931764\u6237\uff0c883640\u5143\uff0c\u68c9\u88634400\u5957\uff0c\u77ed\u65b0\u68c9\u8863180\u5957\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u6d77\u5b81\u8f66\u8f90\u6d5c\u672c\u5802\u738b\u5eb7\u6064\uff0c\u56db\u5904\u5954\u6ce2\u52df\u6b3e\u8d48\u707e\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u65bd\u7ca5\u5382\uff0c\u8fbe\u534a\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u5e76\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u610f\u5927\u5229\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u8bf7\u6c42\u89e3\u56ca\uff0c\u83b7\u58a8\u6c0f\u4eb2\u7b14\u7b7e\u540d\u56de\u4fe1\u5e76\u5bc4\u6765\u91cc\u62c9\u6298\u5408\u56fd\u5e011000\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5609\u5174\u3001\u5e73\u6e56\u5404\u6559\u5802\u6350\u732e\u5e9f\u94c1\u652f\u63f4\u524d\u65b9\u3002\u676d\u5dde\u4ec1\u7231\u533b\u9662\u8bbe\u7acb\u96be\u6c11\u6536\u5bb9\u6240\u3002\u676d\u5dde\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6170\u95ee\u961f\u5bf9\u5728\u4ec1\u7231\u533b\u9662\u6cbb\u4f24\u7684\u6297\u65e5\u5c06\u58eb\u8fdb\u884c\u6170\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u8d60\u9001\u6170\u95ee\u91d1\u548c\u98df\u54c1\u7b49\u3002\u91d1\u534e\u3001\u5170\u6eaa\u7b49\u5730\u6559\u4f1a\u4ea6\u5f00\u5c55\u65bd\u7ca5\u6d4e\u56f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e7\u793e\u4f1a\u8d2b\u82e6\u4eba\u5bb6\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u629a\u517b\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u5e38\u5c06\u5a74\u513f(\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u75c5\u513f)\u5f03\u7f6e\u5230\u6559\u5802\u95e8\u53e3\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5404\u5730\u524d\u540e\u6536\u517b\u5f03\u5a74\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74(1897)\uff0c\u6d77\u95e8\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4ec1\u6148\u5802(\u6216\u79f0\u5973\u5802)\u5185\u6536\u517b\u5b64\u513f\u3002\u4e34\u6d77\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u521b\u529e\u5584\u5bfc\u5802\uff0c\u5185\u8bbe\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u3001\u517b\u8001\u9662\u3001\u6b8b\u5e9f\u9662\u548c\u65bd\u8bca\u6240\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74(1906)\uff0c\u6d77\u95e8\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u4fee\u5973\u5f00\u59cb\u7ed9\u5b64\u5973\u4f20\u6388\u7ee3\u82b1\u548c\u7ec7\u889c\u6280\u827a\uff0c\u540e\u6559\u4f1a\u5f00\u529e\u4e86\u7ee3\u82b1\u5382\u548c\u7ec7\u889c\u5382\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4e34\u6d77\u57ce\u5173\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u4e5f\u5f00\u529e\u523a\u7ee3\u82b1\u5382\uff0c\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u62db\u6536\u5973\u5de5\u4e94\u516d\u767e\u4eba\u3002\u53f0\u5dde\u5404\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ee3\u82b1\u5382\u5f62\u6210\u7ee3\u8863\u751f\u4ea7\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u66fe\u98ce\u9761\u6d77\u5185\u5916\u53f0\u5dde\u5e02\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u8282<\/strong>  <\/strong>\u4f01<\/strong>  <\/strong>\u4e1a<\/strong>\ue004<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fbf\u6c11\u5e03\u5382<\/u>   <\/strong>\u5382\u5740\u5728\u4eca\u7ecd\u5174\u57ce\u533a\u516b\u5b57\u6865\u76f4\u8857\uff0c\u9762\u79ef1970\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u3002\u521d\u7cfb\u6559\u53cb\u805a\u4f1a\u70b9\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u516b\u5e74(1919)\uff0c\u6539\u5efa\u5e03\u5382\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u591a\u7cfb\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u672c\u8272\u571f\u5e03\u3002\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u505c\u529e\uff0c\u5382\u623f\u591a\u7531\u6559\u53cb\u79df\u4f4f\u3002\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u201d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5382\u623f\u7531\u623f\u7ba1\u4f1a\u63a5\u7ba1\u30021986\u5e74\uff0c\u5382\u623f\u4ea7\u6743\u5f52\u8fd8\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/strong>\u4fbf\u6c11\u706b\u67f4\u5382<\/u>  <\/strong>\u5382\u5740\u4eca\u7ecd\u5174\u57ce\u533a\u4e94\u4e91\u95e8\u534a\u91ce\u5858\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74(1934)\uff0c\u672c\u5802\u795e\u7236\u6c88\u6bc5\u81e3\u53d1\u8d77\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u51fa\u8d44\u548c\u5165\u80a1\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u767e\u4f59\u4eba\uff0c\u591a\u4e3a\u9752\u5e74\u6559\u53cb\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u8ba1\u4ef6\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u30021955\u5e74\uff0c\u516c\u79c1\u5408\u8425\u30021959\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0e\u676d\u5dde\u5149\u534e\u706b\u67f4\u5382\u5408\u5e76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d77\u95e8\u7ee3\u82b1\u5382<\/u>  <\/strong>\u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081905\uff09\uff0c\u6d77\u95e8\uff08\u4eca\u6912\u6c5f\uff09\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5f00\u529e\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u53ea\u67095\u81f310\u4eba\u62bd\u7eb1\u5236\u4f5c\u5c0f\u82b1\u8fb9\uff0c\u65f6\u6709\u201c\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u82b1\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8336\u57ab\u3001\u6905\u62ab\u6216\u4f9b\u6559\u5802\u4fee\u9970\u7528\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u827a\u672f\u6b23\u8d4f\u54c1\u548c\u793c\u54c1\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e94\u5e74\uff081916\uff09\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\u4eba\u674e\u6210\u6cd5\u524d\u6765\u5546\u6d3d\u6269\u5c55\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u9664\u82b1\u8fb9\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u7ee3\u978b\u82b1\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u978b\u82b1\u54c1\u79cd\u6709\u201c\u9f99\u9e9f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6854\u5b50\u201d\u4e24\u6863\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u5916\u5546\u559c\u7231\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5546\u4eba\u8bb8\u6cfd\u6c11\u6765\u6d77\u95e8\u5f00\u8bbe\u201c\u8bb8\u6c38\u5229\u82b1\u8fb9\u5382\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u6d3e\u4e34\u6d77\u4eba\u83ca\u4ed9\u3001\u79c0\u73cd\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081932\u20141935\uff09\uff0c\u7ee3\u82b1\u7247\u4ea7\u91cf\u591a\u8fbe16\u4e07\u4ef6\u3002\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u51e0\u5bb6\u5408\u8425\u529e\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ee3\u82b1\u4ee3\u9500\u7ecf\u7406\u90e8\uff0c\u7ecf\u6269\u5c55\u6210\u540e\u6765\u7684\u76f8\u5f53\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7ee3\u82b1\u5382\uff08\u53c2\u9605\u88d8\u65e5\u5347\u300a\u6d77\u95e8\u7684\u96d5\u7ee3\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7b2c\u4e94\u8282<\/strong>   <\/strong>\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7b2c\u516d\u8282<\/strong>  <\/strong>\u671f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u520a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u300a\u6211\u5b58\u6742\u5fd7\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u521b\u520a\u4e8e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081933\uff0911\u67081\u65e5\uff0c16\u5f00\u672c\uff0c\u5b63\u520a\u30021935\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u6708\u520a\uff0c\u5c01\u9762\u300a\u6211\u5b58\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7cfb\u9a6c\u76f8\u4f2f\u9898\u5b57\u3002\u5185\u8bbe\uff1a\u8bba\u575b\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u7279\u8f7d\u3001\u6587\u827a\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u3001\u6742\u4fce\u7b49\u680f\u76ee\u3002\u6c5f\u9053\u6e90\u795e\u7236\u4efb\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u9898\u6750\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u8f7d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u738b\u514b\u8c26\u7684\u300a\u676d\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u4e4b\u6cbf\u9769\u300b\u3001\u7b14\u540d\u745e\u7684\u300a\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u4e4b\u7531\u6765\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6d59\u6c5f\u4e4b\u8d21\u732e\u300b\u3001\u502a\u6811\u8303\u7684\u300a\u6d59\u6c5f\u8862\u5c5e\u9ebb\u84ec\u6559\u52a1\u53f2\u7565\u300b\u3001\u65b9\u8c6a\u7684 \u300a\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\u7684\u676d\u5dde\u66a8\u9644\u90ca\u8001\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u8003\u7565\u300b\u3001\u300a\u660e\u4ee3\u5f00\u6559\u540d\u8d24\u4e4b\u4e00\u674e\u6211\u5b58\u5148\u751f\u4f20\u7565\u300b\u3001\u300a\u660e\u4ee3\u5f00\u6559\u540d\u8d24\u4e4b\u4e8c\u6768\u6dc7\u56ed\u5148\u751f\u4f20\u7565\u300b\u7b49\u3002\u8be5\u520a\u8fd8\u8fde\u8f7d\u82cf\u96ea\u6797\u7684\u6587\u827a\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6000\u94c5\u7410\u5f55\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u6587\u672c\u6846:\u8fd8\u66fe\u51fa\u7248\u8fc7\u300a\u6211\u5b58\u6587\u5e93\u300b6\u79cd\uff1a\u300a\u6768\u6dc7\u56ed\u3001\u674e\u6211\u5b58\u4e24\u5148\u751f\u4f20\u7565\u300b\u3001\u300a\u674e\u6211\u5b58\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5f90\u6587\u5b9a\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u51fa\u5e2d\u5168\u56fd\u516c\u8fdb\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5eff\u4e16\u7eaa\u5927\u5723\u4eba\u9c8d\u65af\u9ad8\u5341\u8bb2\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e9a\u5c14\u65af\u5c0f\u82b1\u300b\u3002\u300a\u6211\u5b58\u4e1b\u4e66\u300b4\u79cd\uff1a\u5f90\u666f\u8d24\u8457\u300a\u5723\u6559\u5b97\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u3001\u8881\u6893\u9752\u8457\u300a\u5174\u519c\u6551\u56fd\u7b56\u300b\u3001\u5b59\u54f2\u6587\u8457\u300a\u8c61\u7259\u5b9d\u5854\u300b\u3001\u5f90\u666f\u8d24\u8457\u300a\u5f90\u6587\u5b9a\u516c\u8bd1\u8457\u5b97\u6559\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u9a6c\u76f8\u4f2f\u7684\u300a\u516c\u6559\u6979\u8054\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u671f\u662f\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081937\uff095\u6708\uff0c\u540e\u56e0\u6297\u6218\u505c\u520a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6742\u5fd7\u56fd\u5185\u5c11\u6570\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5c1a\u6709\u5b58\u7559\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u5df2\u6b8b\u7f3a\u4e0d\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6cd5\u6587\u300a\u5b81\u6ce2\u7b80\u8baf\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u520a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cLe Petit Messager de Ning Po\u201d\uff0c\u6e05\u5ba3\u7edf\u4e09\u5e74\uff081911\uff0911\u670824\u65e5\u521b\u520a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c26 x 21\u516c\u5206\u5f00\u672c\uff1b\u5230\u6b21\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u517112\u671f160\u9875\uff0c\u5408\u8ba2\u4e00\u518c\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5143\u5e74\uff081912\uff096\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081940\uff096\u6708\u5e95\u6b62\uff0c\u5747\u4e3a16\u5f00\u672c\uff0c\u6708\u520a\u6216\u53cc\u6708\u520a\uff0c\u7531\u5b81\u6ce2\u6c5f\u5317\u5723\u6bcd\u4e03\u82e6\u5802\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u4fee\u58eb\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8be5\u520a\u8f7d\u7701\u5185\u6559\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u6559\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7701\u5185\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e66\u4fe1\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u707e\u60c5\u548c\u6551\u707e\u60c5\u51b5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d59\u6c5f\u519b\u9600\u6218\u4e89\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u6709\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f6d\u65e5\u5229\u795e\u7236(Nestor Boucherie)\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u8d75\u4fdd\u7984\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u300b(Biographigue de Mgr Paul Marie Reynaud Vicaire Apostolic de Ning Po\uff0c1895\u20141926)\uff0c\u6240\u641c\u96c6\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u6700\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u4ed6\u641c\u96c6\u6d59\u6c5f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53f2\u6599\u8017\u65f66\u5e74\u4f59\uff0c\u4e66\u4fe1\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6750\u6599\u548c\u4e66\u62a5\u8fbe100\u4f59\u79cd\u3002\u8be5\u4f20\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u523038\u7ae0\uff0c\u8be6\u8bb019\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6d59\u6c5f\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\uff0c\u8fde\u8f7d\u4e8e1932\u5e74\u548c1933\u5e741\u201410\u6708\u520a\u4e0a\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u8bb0\u8ff019\u201420\u4e16\u7eaa\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u6d59\u6c5f\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fde\u8f7d\u4e8e1933\u5e7411\u6708\u52301935\u5e746\u6708\u520a\u4e0a\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e13\u8bb0\u8d75\u4fdd\u7984\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u6d59\u6c5f\u6559\u4f1a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5168\u4f20\u4e8e1938\u5e745\u6708\u64b0\u6210\uff0c\u8fde\u8f7d\u4e8e1935\u5e746\u6708\u81f31938\u5e746\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u672c\u520a\u4e3b\u7f16\u5f6d\u65e5\u5229\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u4f1a\u58eb\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e1873\u5e74\u30021897\u5e74\u664b\u94ce\uff0c\u5148\u5230\u521a\u679c\u4f20\u6559\u30021906\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u9047\u8d75\u4fdd\u7984\uff0c\u5f97\u8d75\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u540c\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u62b5\u8fbe\u5b81\u6ce2\u3002\u66fe\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u3001\u676d\u5dde\u3001\u821f\u5c71\u7b49\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u540e\u5373\u4e13\u4e8b\u641c\u96c6\u6d59\u6c5f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u64b0\u5199\u300a\u8d75\u4fdd\u7984\u4f20\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u3001\u300a\u53f0\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u6708\u520a\u300b<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081934\uff09\uff0c\u521b\u520a\u3002\u7a0b\u884c\u53ef\u795e\u7236\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u540e\u7531\u6234\u5112\u7acb\u795e\u7236\u7ee7\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d77\u95e8\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8fd8\u4e3e\u529e\u8fc7\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u516c\u8fdb\u201d\u7684\u5370\u5237\u5382\uff1b\u516c\u6559\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u529d\u4eba\u884c\u5584\u907f\u6076\u7684\u300a\u53f0\u5dde\u6708\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u5185\u5916\u53d1\u884c\u3002\u5747\u5728\u6297\u6218\u540e\u505c\u520a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e03\u8282<\/strong>  <\/strong>\u5723\u6559\u5893\u5730<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n