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Henry Newman\uff0c1801\u4e001890)\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u9ed8\u793a\u5f55\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u5723\u6559\u4f1a\uff1b\u4f46\u6309\u6211\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u5929\u4e3b\u9ad8\u4e3e\u5347\u5929\u800c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u53cb\u6240\u656c\u793c\u7684\u81f3\u5723\u7ae5\u8d1e\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u5723\u82e5\u671b\u4fbf\u4e0d\u7528\u8fd9\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u2018\u7537\u5a74&#8217;\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u662f\u6697\u793a\u543e\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u3002\u201d\u7ebd\u66fc\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5f88\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8ba4\u51fa\u9ed8\u793a\u5f55\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u4e14\u8c61\u5f81\u5723\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u603b\u7ed3\u5723\u7ecf\u5173\u4e8e\u5723\u6bcd\u5347\u5929\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff1a\u900f\u8fc7\u521b\u4e16\u7eaa\u53ca\u8fbe\u5473\u5723\u738b\u7684\u53e3\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u5929\u4f7f\u5bf9\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u62a5\u559c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u900f\u8fc7\u82e5\u671b\u7684\u795e\u89c6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u5723\u6bcd\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u4e0d\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u56e0\u7f6a\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u8150\u673d\uff0c\u800c\u82e5\u671b\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5723\u6bcd\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8eab\u62ab\u592a\u9633\u3001\u811a\u8e0f\u6708\u4eae\u3001\u5934\u6234\u5341\u4e8c\u9897\u661f\u661f\u7684\u51a0\u5195\uff0c\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4eab\u53d7\u7740\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5149\u8363\u548c\u798f\u4e50\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ae0\u8282\u5df2\u7ecf\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5723\u6bcd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5347\u5929\u5e76\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u8fd8\u6709\u5723\u4f20(holy tradition),\u800c\u5723\u4f20\u53c8\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u8f7d\u548c\u53e3\u4f20\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5723\u6bcd\u8499\u53ec\u5347\u5929\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u6559\u4f1a\u5b98\u65b9\u5bf9\u5723\u6bcd\u5347\u5929\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u3002\u672c\u8282\u65e5\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e1c\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7687\u5e1d\u83ab\u7406\u65af(Maurice 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John Damascene)\u8bb2\u9053\u8bcd\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u9a6c\u5c14\u5f3a\u7687\u5e1d(Marcian,450\u4e00457)\u548c\u5e03\u52a0\u7528\u4e9a\u738b\u540e(Pulcheria)\u8bf7\u6c42\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e3b\u6559\u5728451\u5e74\u52a0\u91c7\u4e1c\u5927\u516c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5723\u9ad1\u5e26\u56de\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e3b\u6559\u5723\u72b9\u4e91\u7eb3\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u62a5\u544a\uff1a\u201c\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u5728\u5b97\u5f92\u7684\u73af\u4f3a\u770b\u987e\u4e2d\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4e09\u65e5\u540e\u5723\u591a\u9ed8\u8981\u6c42\u6253\u5f00\u5979\u7684\u68fa\u6728\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u5979\u7684\u68fa\u6728\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b97\u5f92\u63a8\u65ad\u5979\u7684\u8089\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u5347\u5929\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u653b\u9b42\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7948\u7977\u7ecf\u6587\u3002\u73ab\u7470\u7ecf\u8363\u798f\u56db\u7aef\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5723\u6bcd\u5347\u5929\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e55\u3002\u5b83\u8bb2\u7684\u5f88\u8be6\u7ec6\uff1a\u5927\u6982\u5728\u5723\u6bcd\u516d\u5341\u4e09\u5c81\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6d3e\u9053\u5929\u4f7f\u52a0\u4ffe\u989d\u5c14\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u8981\u63a5\u4f60\u5230\u5929\u56fd\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u4e8e\u662f\u5728\u5916\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u90fd\u56de\u6765\u8ddf\u5979\u8f9e\u522b\uff0c\u5723\u6bcd\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u5c31\u5728\u95e8\u5f92\u4eec\u7684\u7948\u7977\u4e2d\u88ab\u5929\u4f7f\u63a5\u5230\u5929\u5802\u3002\u8fd9\u867d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u4f20\uff0c\u5374\u4ece\u4fa7\u9762\u8868\u660e\u5723\u6bcd\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u88ab\u6570\u4f1a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u590d\u6d3b\u5347\u5929\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5723\u6bcd\u8363\u53ec\u5347\u5929\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u6559\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u65e5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u77bb\u793c\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\u5723\u6bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u699c\u6837\u3002\u6559\u5b97\u6bd4\u7ea6\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u5728\u5ba3\u5e03\u5723\u6bcd\u5347\u5929\u4e3a\u5e94\u4fe1\u7684\u9053\u7406\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u8bcd\u91cc\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6548\u6cd5\u5723\u6bcd\uff0c\u4fe1\u8d56\u5929\u4e3b\u3002\u5728\u5723\u6bcd\u8eab\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5fb7\u884c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\uff1a\u4fe1\u5fb7\u548c\u7231\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u5e74\u8001\u6000\u5b55\u7684\u4f9d\u6492\u4f2f\u5c14\u662f\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u8868\u59d0\uff0c\u5979\u5bf9\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u4fe1\u4e86\u7531\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4f20\u4e8e\u5979\u7684\u8bdd\u5fc5\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u798f\u7684\u3002\u201d(\u8def1:45)\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u56e0\u4e3a\u76f8\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u5bf9\u5979\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u798f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5723\u6bcd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4fe1\u8d56\u5929\u4e3b\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6559\u5b97\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u50cf\u5723\u6bcd\u4e00\u6837\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4fe1\u8d56\u5929\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u53e3\u5934\u4e0a\u8868\u8fbe\u4fe1\u8d56\u5929\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u94b1\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4f24\u5fc3\u90c1\u95f7\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u4e22\u4e86\u65e9\u8bfe\u6216\u665a\u8bfe\uff0c\u4f1a\u96be\u8fc7\u5417\uff1f\u591a\u5c11\u6559\u53cb\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u6bcf\u5929\u8ba4\u771f\u7948\u7977\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\uff1f\u867d\u7136\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u8bf4\u8fc7\u201c\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u53ea\u9760\u997c\uff0c\u800c\u4e5f\u9760\u5929\u4e3b\u53e3\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8a00\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6559\u53cb\u628a\u8fd9\u53e5\u7528\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5462\uff1f\u591a\u5c11\u6559\u53cb\u79bb\u5f97\u5f00\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u5374\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u624b\u673a\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u771f\u53cd\u7701\uff1a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u5e94\u8be5\u5411\u5723\u6bcd\u597d\u597d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u57f9\u517b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u6548\u6cd5\u5723\u6bcd\u7684\u7231\u5fb7\u3002\u5f53\u5979\u5f97\u77e5\u8868\u59d0\u5e74\u8001\u6000\u5b55\uff0c\u4e0d\u987e\u9650\u96be\u8def\u8fdc\uff0c\u7acb\u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